Ribet C, Melchior M, Lang T, Zins M, Goldberg M, Leclerc A
Unité mixte 687, Inserm-Cmants, Saint-Maurice, France.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2007 Aug;55(4):285-95. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2007.04.001.
The terms "socioeconomic status", "socioeconomic position", "social classes" ... are widely used in epidemiology. They refer to various aspects of social position which is associated with many aspects of health. The position of individuals in the social hierarchy is multidimensional, i.e. defined by various socioeconomic factors. They can be individual (for example educational level, employment status, and occupation), household related (for example household income) or neighbourhood related (for example unemployment rate in the district of residence). These various factors can be associated with health at different periods during the life course, via a number of mechanisms, and they can possibly interact with one another. No socioeconomic indicator is better than the others or adequate in all study contexts.
This paper presents a description of various socioeconomic indicators, and describes what they measure, and the advantages and limits of each of them.
No indicator can be recommended in particular. Within the limit of available variables, the most relevant measurement depends on many elements, such as the study population and the aspect of health being investigated.
“社会经济地位”“社会经济状况”“社会阶层”等术语在流行病学中被广泛使用。它们指的是与健康的许多方面相关的社会地位的各个方面。个人在社会等级制度中的地位是多维度的，即由各种社会经济因素定义。这些因素可以是个人层面的（例如教育水平、就业状况和职业）、家庭相关的（例如家庭收入）或邻里相关的（例如居住地区的失业率）。这些不同的因素可以通过多种机制在生命历程的不同时期与健康相关联，并且它们可能相互作用。没有一种社会经济指标在所有研究背景下都比其他指标更好或更适用。
本文介绍了各种社会经济指标，描述了它们所衡量的内容以及每个指标的优缺点。
无法特别推荐某一指标。在现有变量的范围内，最相关的衡量方法取决于许多因素，如研究人群和所调查的健康方面。
