Castle S J, Toscano N C, Prabhaker N, Henneberry T J, Palumbo J C
Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA.
Bull Entomol Res. 2002 Dec;92(6):449-60. doi: 10.1079/ber2002194.
Various insecticide use strategies including rotations, sequential use, and mixtures were evaluated experimentally on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in California and Arizona (U.S.A.) cotton fields. Toxicological responses of adult B. tabaci were measured along with preimaginal densities and cotton yields from plots subjected to different insecticide regimens. Weekly monitoring for susceptibility changes over ten consecutive weeks in four different trials failed to detect significant differences between sequential use and rotation regimens, nor in comparison to the control plots. There were, however, significant differences among study-site locations and between study years as well as significant within-season time effects. Relative infestations in insecticide-treated plots expressed as a percentage of preimaginal densities in control plots indicated that better control was obtained by all insecticide treatments in conjunction with higher susceptibility levels observed in the second year. Lower preimaginal densities of B. tabaci were measured in the rotation treatment in comparison to sequential treatments of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, or amitraz, but all were less effective than sequential treatments of bifenthrin or the mixture of bifenthrin + endosulfan. Cotton lint yields were inversely related to B. tabaci densities, with highest yields in the bifenthrin and mixture plots and lowest yields in the control plots. Suppression of B. tabaci infestations in insecticide-treated plots relative to untreated control plots also improved under conditions of lower B. tabaci pressure. The increases in cotton yield and susceptibility to insecticides seen in the current study support the trend observed in the southwestern USA of improved management of B. tabaci despite continuing intensive use of insecticides.
在美国加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州的棉田，对烟粉虱（Gennadius）进行了多种杀虫剂使用策略的试验评估，包括轮用、连续使用和混用。测定了成年烟粉虱的毒理学反应，以及不同杀虫剂处理地块的幼虫前期密度和棉花产量。在四项不同试验中，连续十周每周监测敏感性变化，结果未发现连续使用和轮用方案之间存在显著差异，与对照地块相比也无显著差异。然而，研究地点之间、研究年份之间存在显著差异，且季节内时间效应也显著。以对照地块幼虫前期密度的百分比表示的杀虫剂处理地块的相对侵染率表明，所有杀虫剂处理结合第二年观察到的较高敏感性水平，能实现更好的防治效果。与硫丹、毒死蜱或双甲脒的连续处理相比，轮用处理中烟粉虱的幼虫前期密度较低，但所有处理均不如联苯菊酯连续处理或联苯菊酯 + 硫丹混合物有效。棉花皮棉产量与烟粉虱密度呈负相关，联苯菊酯和混合处理地块产量最高，对照地块产量最低。在烟粉虱压力较低的条件下，与未处理的对照地块相比，杀虫剂处理地块对烟粉虱侵染的抑制作用也有所改善。本研究中棉花产量的增加和对杀虫剂敏感性的提高，支持了美国西南部尽管持续大量使用杀虫剂，但烟粉虱管理仍有所改善的趋势。
