Gül Hülya, Omurtag Gülden, Clark Philip M, Tozan Ayfer, Ozel Sevda
Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
Med Sci Monit. 2007 Jul;13(7):PH9-14.
In Turkey, some drugs can be purchased from pharmacists without a prescription and there is no legal classification corresponding to the international term "over-the-counter drugs". The purpose of this study was to identify these non-prescribed drugs and to define the role of pharmacists in their sale and their use in primary healthcare.
MATERIAL/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Istanbul between December 1, 2003, and August 31, 2004. Seventy-three of the 901 pharmacies in two districts of Istanbul were chosen with systematic sampling, and information concerning drug sales and pharmacists' behavior regarding primary healthcare services was collected by observations as well as by interviews with the pharmacists.
The study demonstrated that 41% of the drugs sold were non-prescribed. In pharmacies remote from healthcare institutions, remote from district centers, and in the summer seasons, the rates of non-prescribed drug sales were higher than those of prescribed drugs (Chi(2)=10.5, d.f.=1, p=0.001; Chi(2)=62.8, d.f.=1, p=0.0001; Chi(2)=23.4, d.f.=1, p=0.0001). The pharmacists stated that aside from drug sales, consumers visited them to consult about drugs, to get information on their health status, and to learn about family planning (78.1%, 72.1%, and 72.6% of the pharmacists, respectively).
Extensive sale of non-prescribed drugs as a response to public demand, including those used for serious illnesses, has been observed in private pharmacies in Istanbul. The role of pharmacies and pharmacists in primary healthcare should be discussed more thoroughly and redefined on a legal basis.
在土耳其，一些药品无需处方即可从药剂师处购得，且没有与国际术语“非处方药”相对应的法律分类。本研究的目的是识别这些非处方药品，并确定药剂师在其销售以及在初级医疗保健中的使用方面所起的作用。
材料/方法：这项横断面研究于2003年12月1日至2004年8月31日在伊斯坦布尔进行。通过系统抽样从伊斯坦布尔两个区的901家药店中选取了73家，并通过观察以及与药剂师访谈收集了有关药品销售和药剂师在初级医疗保健服务方面行为的信息。
该研究表明，所售药品中有41%为非处方药品。在远离医疗机构、远离区中心的药店以及夏季，非处方药品的销售率高于处方药（卡方检验(Chi(2)) = 10.5，自由度(d.f.) = 1，p = 0.001；卡方检验(Chi(2)) = 62.8，自由度(d.f.) = 1，p = 0.0001；卡方检验(Chi(2)) = 23.4，自由度(d.f.) = 1，p = 0.0001）。药剂师表示，除了药品销售外，消费者还会前来咨询药品、了解自身健康状况以及学习计划生育知识（分别有78.1%、72.1%和72.6% 的药剂师提到）。
在伊斯坦布尔的私人药店中，已观察到作为对公众需求（包括用于严重疾病的药品）的回应，非处方药品大量销售的情况。应更全面地讨论药店和药剂师在初级医疗保健中的作用，并在法律基础上重新界定。
