Ohman Arne, Carlsson Katrina, Lundqvist Daniel, Ingvar Martin
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Physiol Behav. 2007 Sep 10;92(1-2):180-5. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.057. Epub 2007 May 25.
Consistent with the hypothesis that the amygdala is central to fear activation, brain imaging studies show that fear stimuli activate the amygdala, even when conscious recognition is prevented by backward masking. The bulk of the data suggest that the amygdala can be activated from potentially accessible but unattended fear stimuli. Activation of the amygdala facilitates low level visual processing. Several lines of evidence suggest that activation of the amygdala is mediated by a subcortical pathway. Thus, according to data from patients with lesions in the primary visual cortex, the amygdala can be activated in the absence of cortical processing. There is considerable support for the hypothesis that visual stimuli can access the amygdala via a pathway that includes the superior colliculus and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus. These data are consistent with an evolutionary argument, focusing of the role of snakes as a predator on primates.
与杏仁核是恐惧激活核心的假设一致，脑成像研究表明，即使通过逆向掩蔽阻止了意识识别，恐惧刺激仍会激活杏仁核。大量数据表明，杏仁核可以从潜在可获取但未被注意的恐惧刺激中被激活。杏仁核的激活促进了低水平的视觉处理。几条证据表明，杏仁核的激活是由一条皮层下通路介导的。因此，根据初级视觉皮层受损患者的数据，在没有皮层处理的情况下杏仁核也可以被激活。有相当多的证据支持视觉刺激可以通过一条包括上丘和丘脑枕核的通路进入杏仁核的假设。这些数据与一个进化观点一致，该观点聚焦于蛇作为灵长类动物捕食者的角色。
