Shikdar Ashraf A, Al-Kindi Mahmoud A
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2007;13(2):215-23. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2007.11076722.
The objective of this research was to study and identify ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstation design in typical offices. Physical measurements and a questionnaire were used to study 40 workstations. Major ergonomic deficiencies were found in physical design and layout of the workstations, employee postures, work practices, and training. The consequences in terms of user health and other problems were significant. Forty-five percent of the employees used nonadjustable chairs, 48% of computers faced windows, 90% of the employees used computers more than 4 hrs/day, 45% of the employees adopted bent and unsupported back postures, and 20% used office tables for computers. Major problems reported were eyestrain (58%), shoulder pain (45%), back pain (43%), arm pain (35%), wrist pain (30%), and neck pain (30%). These results indicated serious ergonomic deficiencies in office computer workstation design, layout, and usage. Strategies to reduce or eliminate ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstation design were suggested.
本研究的目的是研究和识别典型办公室中计算机工作站设计方面的人体工程学缺陷。通过身体测量和问卷调查对40个工作站进行了研究。在工作站的物理设计和布局、员工姿势、工作习惯以及培训方面发现了主要的人体工程学缺陷。在用户健康和其他问题方面，后果颇为严重。45%的员工使用不可调节的椅子，48%的电脑对着窗户，90%的员工每天使用电脑超过4小时，45%的员工采用背部弯曲且无支撑的姿势，20%的员工将办公桌用于放置电脑。报告的主要问题有眼睛疲劳（58%）、肩部疼痛（45%）、背部疼痛（43%）、手臂疼痛（35%）、手腕疼痛（30%）以及颈部疼痛（30%）。这些结果表明办公室计算机工作站的设计、布局和使用存在严重的人体工程学缺陷。文中还提出了减少或消除计算机工作站设计中人体工程学缺陷的策略。
