Anderson William P, Evans David G
Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
Ground Water. 2007 Jul-Aug;45(4):499-505. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00312.x.
Ground water recharge is often estimated through the calibration of ground water flow models. We examine the nature of calibration errors by considering some simple mathematical and numerical calculations. From these calculations, we conclude that calibrating a steady-state ground water flow model to water level extremes yields estimates of recharge that have the same value as the time-varying recharge at the time the water levels are measured. These recharge values, however, are a subdued version of the actual transient recharge signal. In addition, calibrating a steady-state ground water flow model to data collected during periods of rising water levels will produce recharge values that underestimate the actual transient recharge. Similarly, calibrating during periods of falling water levels will overestimate the actual transient recharge. We also demonstrate that average water levels can be used to estimate the actual average recharge rate provided that water level data have been collected for a sufficient amount of time.
地下水补给量通常通过校准地下水流模型来估算。我们通过一些简单的数学和数值计算来研究校准误差的性质。从这些计算中，我们得出结论，将稳态地下水流模型校准到极端水位会得出与测量水位时的时变补给量相同的补给量估计值。然而，这些补给量值是实际瞬态补给信号的减弱版本。此外，将稳态地下水流模型校准到水位上升期间收集的数据会产生低估实际瞬态补给量的补给量值。同样，在水位下降期间进行校准会高估实际瞬态补给量。我们还证明，只要收集了足够长时间的水位数据，平均水位就可用于估算实际平均补给率。
