Ji Jinzhao, Maren Stephen
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Hippocampus. 2007;17(9):749-58. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20331.
Extinction of fear conditioning in animals is an excellent model for the study of fear inhibition in humans. Substantial evidence has shown that extinction is a new learning process that is highly context-dependent. Several recovery effects (renewal, spontaneous recovery, and reinstatement) after extinction suggest that the contextual modulation of extinction is a critical behavioral mechanism underlying fear extinction. In addition, recent studies demonstrate a critical role for hippocampus in the context control of extinction. A growing body of evidence suggests that the hippocampus not only plays a role in contextual encoding and retrieval of fear extinction memories, but also interacts with other brain structures to regulate context-specificity of fear extinction. In this article, the authors will first discuss the fundamental behavioral features of the context effects of extinction and its underlying behavioral mechanisms. In the second part, the review will focus on the brain mechanisms for the contextual control of extinction.
动物恐惧条件反射的消退是研究人类恐惧抑制的一个极佳模型。大量证据表明，消退是一个高度依赖情境的新学习过程。消退后的几种恢复效应（重现、自发恢复和重新激活）表明，消退的情境调节是恐惧消退背后的关键行为机制。此外，最近的研究证明海马体在消退的情境控制中起关键作用。越来越多的证据表明，海马体不仅在恐惧消退记忆的情境编码和提取中发挥作用，还与其他脑结构相互作用，以调节恐惧消退的情境特异性。在本文中，作者首先将讨论消退情境效应的基本行为特征及其潜在的行为机制。在第二部分，综述将聚焦于消退情境控制的脑机制。
