Milad Mohammed R, Orr Scott P, Pitman Roger K, Rauch Scott L
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2005 Jul;42(4):456-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00302.x.
Distinct memories are formed during fear conditioning and subsequent extinction. In animals, the expression of the latter is gated by the context. The recall of extinction memory after a long delay, and the contextual modulation thereof, has not been directly tested in humans. Mentally healthy volunteers underwent a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction protocol that examined the recall of extinction memory and its relationship to context. Conditioned stimuli were paired with an aversive electric shock in one visual context and extinguished in a different context. Extinction recall and renewal were examined 24 h after training. We found that skin conductance responses were small when the conditioned stimulus was presented in the extinction context, but responses were renewed when the conditioned stimulus was presented in the conditioning context. This finding demonstrates context dependency of extinction recall in humans.
在恐惧条件反射及随后的消退过程中会形成不同的记忆。在动物中，后者的表现受情境的制约。长时间延迟后消退记忆的回忆及其情境调节在人类中尚未得到直接测试。心理健康的志愿者接受了一项为期两天的恐惧条件反射和消退实验方案，该方案检测了消退记忆的回忆及其与情境的关系。条件刺激在一种视觉情境中与厌恶性电击配对，并在不同情境中消退。训练后24小时检测消退回忆和恢复情况。我们发现，当条件刺激在消退情境中呈现时，皮肤电反应较小，但当条件刺激在条件反射情境中呈现时，反应会恢复。这一发现证明了人类消退回忆的情境依赖性。
