Ruddock Heidi C, Turner de Sales
Viborg School of Nursing, CVU Vita, Nursing Faculty, Toldbodgade, Viborg, Denmark.
J Adv Nurs. 2007 Aug;59(4):361-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04312.x. Epub 2007 Jul 2.
This paper is a report of a study to explore whether having an international learning experience as part of a nursing education programme promoted cultural sensitivity in nursing students. background: Many countries are becoming culturally diverse, but healthcare systems and nursing education often remain mono-cultural and focused on the norms and needs of the majority culture. To meet the needs of all members of multicultural societies, nurses need to develop cultural sensitivity and incorporate this into caregiving.
A Gadamerian hermeneutic phenomenological approach was adopted. Data were collected in 2004 by using in-depth conversational interviews and analysed using the Turner method.
Developing cultural sensitivity involves a complex interplay between becoming comfortable with the experience of making a transition from one culture to another, making adjustments to cultural differences, and growing personally. Central to this process was the students' experience of studying in an unfamiliar environment, experiencing stress and varying degrees of culture shock, and making a decision to take on the ways of the host culture. These actions led to an understanding that being sensitive to another culture required being open to its dynamics, acknowledging social and political structures, and incorporating other people's beliefs about health and illness.
The findings suggest that study abroad is a useful strategy for bridging the theory-practice divide. However, further research is needed with larger and more diverse students to test the generalizability of the findings. Longitudinal research is also needed to assess the impact of study abroad programmes on the deliver of culturally sensitive care.
本文报告一项研究，旨在探讨护理教育项目中的国际学习经历是否能提升护生的文化敏感性。背景：许多国家正变得文化多元，但医疗保健系统和护理教育往往仍保持单一文化，侧重于主流文化的规范和需求。为满足多元文化社会所有成员的需求，护士需要培养文化敏感性并将其融入护理工作中。
采用伽达默尔诠释现象学方法。2004年通过深度访谈收集数据，并使用特纳方法进行分析。
培养文化敏感性涉及在适应从一种文化过渡到另一种文化的经历、适应文化差异以及个人成长之间的复杂相互作用。这一过程的核心是学生在陌生环境中学习的经历，体验压力和不同程度的文化冲击，并决定接受东道国文化的方式。这些行为使人们认识到，对另一种文化保持敏感需要对其动态保持开放，承认社会和政治结构，并纳入他人对健康和疾病的信念。
研究结果表明，出国留学是弥合理论与实践差距的有效策略。然而，需要对更多样化的学生进行进一步研究，以检验研究结果的普遍性。还需要进行纵向研究，以评估出国留学项目对提供具有文化敏感性护理的影响。
