Marini Elisabetta, Cabras Stefano, Rebato Esther, Buffa Roberto, Salces Itziar, Borgognini-Tarli Silvana
Sezione di Science Antropologiche, Dipartimento Biologia Sperimentale, Department of Experimental Biology, Cagliari University, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
Ann Hum Biol. 2007 May-Jun;34(3):377-92. doi: 10.1080/03014460701367942.
Subcutaneous fat measurements have been recently found to show sex differences in variability (dispersion dimorphism) in young adult samples from two extant unrelated European populations, with males more variable than females.
This paper aims to investigate potential sex-by-age interaction and to verify its presence and possible different expression in various populations.
Biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, midthigh and calf skinfolds were analysed in two European samples from the Basque Country (4176 subjects, 8-50 years) and from Sardinia (2491 subjects, 14-100 years). Data on triceps and subscapular skinfolds in Non-Hispanic Whites (1799 subjects, 8-75 years), Mexican Americans (3133 subjects, 8-85 years), Other samples (1733 subjects, 8-70 years) from NHANES (2001-2002) were also included in the analysis. The significance of the difference between male and female coefficients of variation was performed by means of a suitable non-parametric bootstrap test.
Skinfold coefficients of variation were greater in males than in females in 79.8% of comparisons with 27.2% significant differences. Dispersion dimorphism was particularly evident in peripheral subcutaneous fat depots. The results do not show appreciable variations across population samples and age classes.
Skinfold dispersion dimorphism seems to exist throughout most of the life cycle, and be widespread in European and non-European human populations. It involves especially accumulation sites of the gynoid pattern known to be relevant in female reproduction. More 'standardized' fatty reserves in women might represent a selective advantage. On the other hand, skinfold dispersion dimorphism might also be related to cultural factors affecting the extent of female variability by means of enhanced environmental homogeneity.
最近发现，在来自两个现存不相关欧洲人群的年轻成年样本中，皮下脂肪测量结果显示出变异性方面的性别差异（离散度二态性），男性的变异性高于女性。
本文旨在研究潜在的性别与年龄交互作用，并验证其在不同人群中的存在情况及可能的不同表现。
对来自巴斯克地区（4176名受试者，8至50岁）和撒丁岛（2491名受试者，14至100岁）的两个欧洲样本中的肱二头肌、肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂嵴上、腹部、大腿中部和小腿皮褶进行了分析。分析还纳入了来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查（2001 - 2002年）的非西班牙裔白人（1799名受试者，8至75岁）、墨西哥裔美国人（3133名受试者，8至85岁）、其他样本（1733名受试者，8至70岁）的肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶数据。通过合适的非参数自助检验来检验男性和女性变异系数之间差异的显著性。
在79.8%的比较中，男性的皮褶变异系数大于女性，其中27.2%有显著差异。离散度二态性在周围皮下脂肪储存部位尤为明显。结果在不同人群样本和年龄组中未显示出明显差异。
皮褶离散度二态性似乎在生命周期的大部分时间内都存在，并且在欧洲和非欧洲人群中广泛存在。它尤其涉及已知与女性生殖相关的女性型脂肪堆积部位。女性中更“标准化”的脂肪储备可能代表一种选择优势。另一方面，皮褶离散度二态性也可能与文化因素有关，这些文化因素通过增强环境同质性来影响女性变异性的程度。
