Pucciarelli H M, Carnese F R, Pinotti L V, Guimarey L M, Goicoechea A S
Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada (CIGEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1993 Oct;92(2):165-72. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330920206.
Villa IAPI is a poor neighborhood of about 5,000 inhabitants in the overpopulated conurbano bonaerense at the outskirts of the city of Buenos Aires. Most of the adult male residents are construction workers; the rest are temporary workers, underemployed, or unemployed. The inhabitants of Villa IAPI suffer the effects of many adverse socio-economic conditions, including poor nutrition, deficient sanitation, and inadequate medical care. Seven anthropometric variables were measured on 765 children from 6 to 14 years old to test for the presence of an altered pattern of sexual dimorphism. It was found that there were practically no sex differences in standing height and upper-arm muscle circumference. In some age groups, there was a weak but significant sexual dimorphism in body weight and sitting height. The greatest and most persistent dimorphism was found in head circumference, and in triceps and subscapular skinfolds. In all except two age groups, head circumference in males was significantly greater than in females. The other dimorphic variables (body weight, sitting height, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds) showed the opposite relationship. Essentially, females showed increments in subcutaneous fat, while reduced growth in muscle and bone was evident in males. The hypothesis of "better female canalization" can explain the altered dimorphic pattern found in the malnourished Villa IAPI population.
伊亚皮村是布宜诺斯艾利斯市郊区人口过度密集的大布宜诺斯艾利斯地区一个约有5000居民的贫困社区。成年男性居民大多是建筑工人；其余的是临时工、就业不足者或失业者。伊亚皮村的居民遭受着许多不利社会经济状况的影响，包括营养不良、卫生条件差和医疗保健不足。对765名6至14岁的儿童测量了七项人体测量变量，以检测是否存在性二态性模式改变。结果发现，站立身高和上臂肌肉周长实际上不存在性别差异。在一些年龄组中，体重和坐高存在微弱但显著的性二态性。在头围、三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度方面发现了最大且最持久的二态性。除两个年龄组外，所有年龄组男性的头围均显著大于女性。其他二态性变量（体重、坐高、三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度）呈现相反的关系。从本质上讲，女性皮下脂肪增加，而男性肌肉和骨骼生长减少。“女性更好的发育渠道化”这一假设可以解释在营养不良的伊亚皮村人群中发现的二态性模式改变。
