Crocker Anne G, Côté Gilles, Toupin Jean, St-Onge Bernard
McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2007 Jun;32(2):143-52. doi: 10.1080/13668250701314053.
Various lines of research point to the overrepresentation of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) in the criminal justice system. Studies have also shown that individuals with ID are vulnerable to mental health problems. To date there have been no Canadian studies of individuals with an ID in the criminal justice system.
The present study reports on the sociodemographic, mental health and criminological characteristics of 281 individuals with an ID from a Canadian study of men in a pre-trial holding centre.
Almost 19% of the men had a probable ID, and nearly one-third (29.9%) were in the borderline IQ range. As was the case for their non-ID counterparts, the mean age of the probable ID group was in the early 30s, few were employed, and most had low incomes. Individuals in the probable and borderline ID groups had lower rates of high school completion than those in the average intellectual ability range. Over 60% of individuals with an ID had a substance use disorder, and 1 in 5 was intoxicated at the time of assessment. These rates were similar across groups, and to those found in the literature. A large majority of individuals with ID had a previous conviction, and most had previously committed a violent offence.
Among other limitations, the sample may not have been entirely representative of the total population of men in the pre-trial detention centre, given the relatively high refusal rate (39.5%). Results are discussed in terms of orienting criminological and mental health services as a function of the level of intellectual and adaptive functioning of individuals with ID.
多项研究表明，智力残疾（ID）个体在刑事司法系统中所占比例过高。研究还表明，ID个体易患心理健康问题。迄今为止，加拿大尚未对刑事司法系统中的ID个体进行过研究。
本研究报告了一项针对加拿大一所审前拘留中心男性的研究中281名ID个体的社会人口统计学、心理健康和犯罪学特征。
近19%的男性可能患有ID，近三分之一（29.9%）处于边缘智商范围。与非ID男性情况相同，可能患有ID的群体平均年龄在30岁出头，很少有人就业，大多数人收入较低。可能患有ID和边缘ID的群体完成高中学业的比例低于平均智力水平范围的群体。超过60%的ID个体患有物质使用障碍，五分之一的人在评估时处于醉酒状态。这些比例在各群体中相似，与文献中的比例也相似。绝大多数ID个体有前科，大多数人此前曾实施暴力犯罪。
除其他局限性外，鉴于相对较高的拒绝率（39.5%），该样本可能并不完全代表审前拘留中心男性的总体情况。根据ID个体的智力和适应功能水平，对犯罪学和心理健康服务进行了讨论。
