1982年至2004年美国警方追捕行动导致死亡事件的综述。

Hutson H Range, Rice Phillip L, Chana Jasroop K, Kyriacou Demetrios N, Chang Yuchiao, Miller Robert M

Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Prehosp Emerg Care. 2007 Jul-Sep;11(3):278-83. doi: 10.1080/10903120701385414.

BACKGROUND

High-speed police pursuits are common in the United States (US). Most states do not gather statistics on police pursuits, pursuit crashes, injuries or fatalities for annual review.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to determine the number of pursuit fatalities to officers, those in the chased vehicle, and those uninvolved in pursuits from 1982-2004.

METHODS

A review of police pursuit fatalities reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database from 1982-2004. The data was reviewed for fatalities, demographic data, alcohol involvement, road surface type (rural versus urban) and mechanism of collision leading to a pursuit fatality.

RESULTS

From 1982-2004, 881,733 fatal crashes were reported to NHTSA, leading to 987,523 fatalities. Of fatal crashes, 6,336 (0.7%) were secondary to pursuits, leading to 7,430 (0.8%) fatalities, a mean of 323 per year. Among these fatalities, chased vehicle occupants accounted for 5,355 (72%); police for 81 (1%); those uninvolved for 1994 (27%). Of fatalities, 6074 (82%) were male, 2,092 (28%) were children and adolescents. Mean age of death was 24 years. African-Americans 1,154 (24%) and Native Americans 101 (2%) died at a higher proportion than their percentage of the US population. Collisions with solid objects accounted for 3,175 (59%) of fatalities in the chased vehicles. Collisions with other moving vehicles accounted for 1,434 (80%) of fatalities of vehicular occupants uninvolved in pursuits. Most fatal crashes, 3,130 (62%), occurred on urban roadways. Alcohol was involved in 4,628 (62%) fatalities. Of police fatalities, 20 (25%) were intoxicated.

CONCLUSIONS

Police pursuits results in a small yet significant number of fatal motor vehicular crashes and fatalities. All states should record the total number of police pursuits, pursuit crashes, injuries and fatalities for annual review. The findings in this study have important operational implications for EMS care.

背景

高速警车追捕在美国很常见。大多数州不收集有关警车追捕、追捕引发的撞车事故、伤亡情况的统计数据以供年度审查。

目的

本研究的目的是确定1982年至2004年间追捕过程中警察、被追捕车辆内人员以及未参与追捕的人员的死亡人数。

方法

回顾1982年至2004年向国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）死亡分析报告系统（FARS）数据库报告的警车追捕死亡事件。审查这些数据中的死亡情况、人口统计学数据、酒精参与情况、路面类型（农村与城市）以及导致追捕死亡的碰撞机制。

结果

1982年至2004年，向NHTSA报告了881,733起致命撞车事故，导致987,523人死亡。在致命撞车事故中，6336起（0.7%）是由追捕引发的，导致7430人死亡（0.8%），平均每年323人。在这些死亡人员中，被追捕车辆内的乘客占5355人（72%）；警察占81人（1%）；未参与追捕的人员占1994人（27%）。在死亡人员中，6074人（82%）为男性，2092人（28%）为儿童和青少年。平均死亡年龄为24岁。非裔美国人1154人（24%）和美洲原住民101人（2%）的死亡比例高于他们在美国人口中的比例。与固体物体碰撞导致被追捕车辆内3175人（59%）死亡。与其他行驶车辆碰撞导致未参与追捕的车辆乘客中1434人（80%）死亡。大多数致命撞车事故3130起（62%）发生在城市道路上。4628人（62%）的死亡涉及酒精。在警察死亡人员中，20人（25%）处于醉酒状态。