Gavrilets Sergey, Vose Aaron
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2007 Jul;16(14):2910-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03304.x.
A recent study of a pair of sympatric species of palms on the Lord Howe Island is viewed as providing probably one of the most convincing examples of sympatric speciation to date. Here we describe and study a stochastic, individual-based, explicit genetic model tailored for this palms system. Overall, our results show that relatively rapid (<50,000 generations) colonization of a new ecological niche, and sympatric or parapatric speciation via local adaptation and divergence in flowering periods are theoretically plausible if (i) the number of loci controlling the ecological and flowering period traits is small; (ii) the strength of selection for local adaptation is intermediate; and (iii) an acceleration of flowering by a direct environmental effect associated with the new ecological niche is present. We discuss patterns and time-scales of ecological speciation identified by our model, and we highlight important parameters and features that need to be studied empirically in order to provide information that can be used to improve the biological realism and power of mathematical models of ecological speciation.
最近一项对豪勋爵岛上一对同域分布的棕榈物种的研究，被视为提供了迄今为止同域物种形成最有说服力的例子之一。在此，我们描述并研究了一个针对该棕榈系统量身定制的基于个体的随机显性遗传模型。总体而言，我们的结果表明，如果（i）控制生态和花期性状的基因座数量较少；（ii）局部适应的选择强度适中；以及（iii）存在与新生态位相关的直接环境效应导致的花期加速，那么新生态位的相对快速（<50,000代）定殖以及通过局部适应和花期分化实现的同域或邻域物种形成在理论上是合理的。我们讨论了我们模型所识别的生态物种形成模式和时间尺度，并强调了需要通过实证研究的重要参数和特征，以便提供可用于提高生态物种形成数学模型的生物学真实性和效力的信息。
