Gerlinger Thomas, Schmucker Rolf
Institute of Medical Sociology, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23 Suppl 2:S184-92. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007001400008.
The establishment of the European Common Market has involved the free movement not only of capital and goods, but also of persons and services. The principles of free movement also apply to the health care sector, i.e. they allow for the free incorporation of health care providers and the cross-border delivery of services. Since the 1970s, the European Union (EU) has passed numerous regulations to enforce the mutual recognition of qualifications of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals by the Member States, considered an indispensable precondition for the free movement of services. Thus far, the establishment of a European job market for the health care professions has not led to extensive migration among the EU Member States. Likewise, the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU in 2004 did not cause a "brain drain" to the better-off countries of Western and Northern Europe. However, the mobility among health care professions is expected to increase in the coming years.
欧洲共同市场的建立不仅涉及资本和货物的自由流动，还涉及人员和服务的自由流动。自由流动原则也适用于医疗保健部门，即允许医疗保健提供者自由入驻并跨境提供服务。自20世纪70年代以来，欧盟通过了多项法规，以促使成员国相互认可医生、护士和其他卫生专业人员的资格，这被视为服务自由流动不可或缺的前提条件。到目前为止，医疗保健行业欧洲就业市场的建立并未导致欧盟成员国之间出现大规模移民现象。同样，2004年中东欧国家加入欧盟也没有造成向西欧和北欧较富裕国家的“人才流失”。然而，预计未来几年医疗保健行业的人员流动将会增加。
