成年女同性恋者中酒精滥用和心理困扰的童年风险因素。
Childhood risk factors for alcohol abuse and psychological distress among adult lesbians.
作者信息
Hughes Tonda L, Johnson Timothy P, Wilsnack Sharon C, Szalacha Laura A
机构信息
Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Administrative Nursing, UIC National Center of Excellence in Women's Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
出版信息
Child Abuse Negl. 2007 Jul;31(7):769-89. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.12.014. Epub 2007 Jul 12.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the relationships between childhood and family background variables, including sexual and physical abuse, and subsequent alcohol abuse and psychological distress in adult lesbians.
METHODOLOGY
Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate relationships between childhood sexual and physical abuse and parenting variables and latent measures of lifetime alcohol abuse and psychological distress in a large community-based sample of lesbians.
RESULTS
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) directly predicted lifetime alcohol abuse, and childhood physical abuse (CPA) directly predicted lifetime psychological distress. In addition, CSA indirectly increased the risk of lifetime alcohol abuse through its negative effect on age at first heterosexual intercourse. Childhood physical abuse had only indirect effects on lifetime alcohol abuse through its strong relationship to lifetime psychological distress. Parental drinking problems and parental strictness directly predicted lifetime psychological distress; parental drinking problems indirectly predicted lifetime alcohol abuse through the mediators of age of drinking onset and lifetime psychological distress. White lesbians, younger lesbians, and those with lower levels of education were at greatest risk of psychological distress.
CONCLUSION
While the cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions, study findings--especially those related to CSA--are consistent with previous research on predominantly heterosexual women in the general population. Lesbians who experienced CSA were at heightened risk of lifetime alcohol abuse and those who experienced CPA were at heightened risk of lifetime psychological distress relative to lesbians without abuse histories. Given the dearth of research on childhood abuse and sexual orientation, studies are needed that examine the similarities and differences between lesbians' and heterosexual women's experiences of, and responses to, childhood abuse.
目的
本研究探讨了童年及家庭背景变量（包括性虐待和身体虐待）与成年女同性恋者随后的酒精滥用及心理困扰之间的关系。
方法
采用结构方程模型，在一个基于社区的大型女同性恋样本中，评估童年性虐待和身体虐待与养育变量之间的关系，以及终生酒精滥用和心理困扰的潜在指标。
结果
童年性虐待（CSA）直接预测终生酒精滥用，童年身体虐待（CPA）直接预测终生心理困扰。此外，CSA通过对首次异性性交年龄的负面影响间接增加了终生酒精滥用的风险。童年身体虐待仅通过与终生心理困扰的密切关系对终生酒精滥用产生间接影响。父母的饮酒问题和父母的严厉程度直接预测终生心理困扰；父母的饮酒问题通过饮酒开始年龄和终生心理困扰的中介间接预测终生酒精滥用。白人女同性恋者、年轻女同性恋者和受教育程度较低的女同性恋者心理困扰风险最高。
结论
虽然横断面设计无法得出因果结论，但研究结果——尤其是与CSA相关的结果——与之前对一般人群中主要为异性恋女性的研究一致。与没有虐待史的女同性恋者相比，经历过CSA的女同性恋者终生酒精滥用风险更高，经历过CPA的女同性恋者终生心理困扰风险更高。鉴于关于童年虐待和性取向的研究匮乏，需要开展研究来考察女同性恋者和异性恋女性在童年虐待经历及应对方面的异同。
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