Heim Inge, Leontić Kruhek, Gostović Mirjana Jembrek
Poliklinika za prevenciju kardiovaskularnih bolesti i rehabilitaciju, Zagreb, Hrvatska.
Acta Med Croatica. 2007 Jun;61(3):267-73.
Obesity has become a growing public health problem. The number of obese people in the world is increasing, carrying a number of risks for the development of cardiovascular and other diseases. There are no easy or short-term solutions for this problem. The causes differ and the number of obese and overweight people varies from region to region. The aim of the study was to estimate the distribution of obese and overweight people in Croatia.
The study was carried out in 2003 in a sample of 9070 subjects, representative of the population of Croatia. We used three measures of obesity and overweight: body mass index (BMI); waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio (WHR). Overweight is defined as BMI of 25.00-29.99 kg/m2, and obesity as BMI of 30 kg/m2. The other two measures vary according to sex. Waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in) in men and greater than 88 cm (35 in) in women is considered to show unfavorable fat distribution, and WHR > or = 1 in men and > or =0.85 implies an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and some forms of cancer. Weighted data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software.
The analysis of each of the variables yielded the following results: BMI: generally, more than 1 in 5 adults (about 720,000) in Croatia were obese with no sex differences. The highest rate of obesity was found in the inland part of the country and lowest along the Adriatic coast. Overweight was more common than obesity, showing some sex differences [705,000 (43%) men and 625,000 (34%) women]. The greatest number of overweight men lived along the Adriatic cost and in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, while the greatest number of overweight women lived along the Adriatic coast. The greatest number of overweight young men lived along the Adriatic coast and of young overweight women in the east inland part of Croatia. Waist circumference showed great sex differences: 54% of women (993,000) had waist circumference greater than 88 cm (35 in), and 37% of men (607,000) had waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in). The greatest number of men with such waist circumference were found in the inland part, and in the middle and southernmost part of the Adriatic coast. The greatest number of women with waist circumference over 88 cm lived in the continental part of Croatia. WHR showed even greater sex difference: 41.0% of women (754,000) and 18.5% of men (303,000) had unfavorable WHR. The greatest number of men and women with unfavorable WHR lived in the inland and southern parts of Croatia.
Obesity and overweight pose major problems in Croatia. There are regional and sex differences, and differences according to the variables observed. In order to get proper insight in the current situation, we recommend that BMI be adjusted for fat distribution and comorbid conditions.
肥胖已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。全球肥胖人数不断增加，带来了心血管疾病和其他疾病发展的一系列风险。对于这个问题，没有简单或短期的解决方案。其成因各异，肥胖和超重人群数量因地区而异。本研究的目的是评估克罗地亚肥胖和超重人群的分布情况。
该研究于2003年对9070名受试者进行，这些受试者代表了克罗地亚人口。我们使用了三种肥胖和超重测量指标：体重指数（BMI）、腰围以及腰臀比（WHR）。超重定义为BMI在25.00 - 29.99千克/平方米之间，肥胖定义为BMI达到30千克/平方米。另外两个指标因性别而异。男性腰围大于102厘米（40英寸）、女性腰围大于88厘米（35英寸）被认为显示出不利的脂肪分布，男性腰臀比≥1以及女性腰臀比≥0.85意味着患心脏病、糖尿病、高血压和某些癌症的风险增加。使用SPSS统计软件对加权数据进行分析。
对每个变量的分析得出以下结果：BMI：总体而言，克罗地亚超过五分之一的成年人（约72万）肥胖，且无性别差异。肥胖率最高的地区是该国的内陆地区，亚得里亚海沿岸最低。超重比肥胖更为常见，存在一些性别差异[70.5万（43%）男性和62.5万（34%）女性]。超重男性人数最多的地区是亚得里亚海沿岸和克罗地亚首都萨格勒布，而超重女性人数最多的地区是亚得里亚海沿岸。超重年轻男性人数最多的地区是亚得里亚海沿岸，超重年轻女性人数最多的地区是克罗地亚东部内陆地区。腰围显示出很大的性别差异：54%的女性（99.3万）腰围大于88厘米（35英寸），37%的男性（60.7万）腰围大于102厘米（40英寸）。腰围达到此标准的男性人数最多的地区是内陆地区以及亚得里亚海沿岸的中部和最南部地区。腰围超过88厘米的女性人数最多的地区是克罗地亚的大陆部分。腰臀比显示出更大的性别差异：41.0%的女性（75.4万）和18.5%的男性（30.3万）腰臀比不利。腰臀比不利的男性和女性人数最多的地区是克罗地亚的内陆和南部地区。
肥胖和超重是克罗地亚的主要问题。存在地区和性别差异，以及根据所观察变量的差异。为了全面了解当前状况，我们建议根据脂肪分布和合并症对BMI进行调整。
