Bidulescu Aurelian, Chambless Lloyd E, Siega-Riz Anna Maria, Zeisel Steven H, Heiss Gerardo
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2007 Jul 13;7:20. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-7-20.
Low dietary intake of the essential nutrient choline and its metabolite betaine may increase atherogenesis both through effects on homocysteine methylation pathways as well as through choline's antioxidants properties. Nutrient values for many common foods for choline and betaine have recently become available in the U.S. nutrient composition database. Our objective was to assess the association of dietary intake of choline and betaine with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), adjusting for dietary intake measurement error.
We conducted a prospective investigation of the relation between usual intake of choline and betaine with the risk of CHD in 14,430 middle-aged men and women of the biethnic Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake. Proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the risk of incident CHD. A regression calibration method was used to adjust for measurement error.
During an average 14 years of follow-up (1987-2002), 1,072 incident CHD events were documented. Compared with the lowest quartile of intake, incident CHD risk was slightly and non-significantly higher in the highest quartile of choline and choline plus betaine, HR = 1.22 (0.91, 1.64) and HR = 1.14 (0.85, 1.53), controlling for age, sex, education, total energy intake, dietary intakes of folate, methionine and vitamin B6. No association was found between dietary choline intake and incident CHD when correcting for measurement error.
Higher intakes of choline and betaine were not protective for incident CHD. Similar investigations in other populations are of interest.
必需营养素胆碱及其代谢产物甜菜碱的低膳食摄入量可能通过对同型半胱氨酸甲基化途径的影响以及胆碱的抗氧化特性增加动脉粥样硬化的发生。美国营养成分数据库最近提供了许多常见食物中胆碱和甜菜碱的营养价值。我们的目标是评估胆碱和甜菜碱的膳食摄入量与冠心病（CHD）发病之间的关联，并对膳食摄入量测量误差进行校正。
我们对社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究中14430名中年双族裔男性和女性进行了一项前瞻性调查，研究胆碱和甜菜碱的通常摄入量与冠心病风险之间的关系。使用半定量食物频率问卷评估营养素摄入量。使用比例风险回归模型计算冠心病发病风险。使用回归校准方法校正测量误差。
在平均14年的随访期间（1987 - 2002年），记录了1072例冠心病发病事件。与摄入量最低的四分位数相比，胆碱和胆碱加甜菜碱摄入量最高的四分位数中，冠心病发病风险略有升高但无统计学意义，校正年龄、性别、教育程度、总能量摄入量、叶酸、蛋氨酸和维生素B6的膳食摄入量后，风险比（HR）分别为1.22（0.91，1.64）和1.14（0.85，1.53）。校正测量误差后，未发现膳食胆碱摄入量与冠心病发病之间存在关联。
较高的胆碱和甜菜碱摄入量对冠心病发病无保护作用。对其他人群进行类似调查具有一定意义。
