Rosen Gunther, Lotufo Guilherme R
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Environmental Sciences and Applied Systems Branch, 53475 Strothe Road, Code 2375, San Diego, CA 92152, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2007 Oct;68(2):237-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.009. Epub 2007 Aug 9.
The bioaccumulative potential of the explosive compounds, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) were assessed in water only exposures with the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Toxicokinetics experiments provided uptake rates, elimination rates, biological half-lives, and bioconcentration factors (BCFs). Kinetic BCFs were 1.61, 0.87, and 0.44, for TNT, RDX, and HMX, respectively, and confirmed the expected low bioaccumulative potential of these weakly hydrophobic compounds based on logK(ow). Because apparent steady-state conditions were observed within the 4h uptake period, steady-state BCFs were also calculated, and were within 20% of kinetic BCFs. TNT was rapidly biotransformed to aminodinitrotoluenes within minutes, while no transformation products were measured for RDX or HMX. Uptake clearance rates varied among the compounds, while elimination rates and associated half-lives were extremely fast (0.15-0.49h). It is unlikely, based on these data, that exposure conditions for these explosive compounds in the marine environment pose unacceptable risks to mussels, and it appears that potential for trophic transfer is quite low.
在地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）仅暴露于水的情况下，评估了爆炸物2,4,6 - 三硝基甲苯（TNT）、六氢 - 1,3,5 - 三硝基 - 1,3,5 - 三嗪（RDX）和八氢 - 1,3,5,7 - 四硝基 - 1,3,5,7 - 四氮杂环辛烷（HMX）的生物累积潜力。毒理学动力学实验提供了摄取率、消除率、生物半衰期和生物富集系数（BCF）。TNT、RDX和HMX的动力学BCF分别为1.61、0.87和0.44，基于logK(ow)证实了这些弱疏水性化合物预期的低生物累积潜力。由于在4小时的摄取期内观察到明显的稳态条件，还计算了稳态BCF，其与动力学BCF相差在20%以内。TNT在几分钟内迅速生物转化为氨基二硝基甲苯，而RDX或HMX未检测到转化产物。不同化合物的摄取清除率各不相同，而消除率和相关半衰期极快（0.15 - 0.49小时）。基于这些数据，这些爆炸物在海洋环境中的暴露条件不太可能对贻贝构成不可接受的风险，并且营养级转移的可能性似乎相当低。
