U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Oct;73(7):1653-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
Lethal effects of the explosives RDX and HMX were assessed using ten-day water exposures to juvenile sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). For RDX, maximum mortality occurred during the first two days of exposure with a 10-d median lethal concentration (LC50) of 9.9 mg L(-1). The RDX 10-d median lethal residue (LR50) was 9.6 mg kg(-1) (34.9 μmol kg(-1)) wet weight (ww), the first RDX critical body residue reported for fish. Previous investigations reported that RDX body residues in marine amphipods up to 96 μmol kg(-1) ww and in marine mussels up to 86 μmol kg(-1) ww failed to result in significant mortality. The highest HMX concentration tested, corresponding to its apparent solubility limit in seawater (2.0 mg L(-1)), and the associated mean body residue (3 mg kg(-1) or 14 μmol kg(-1) ww) resulted in no significant mortality for exposed minnows. The mean 10-d bioconcentration factors for RDX (0.6-0.9 L kg(-1)) and HMX (0.3-1.6 L kg(-1)) were typically lower than 1, reflecting the low bioaccumulative potential for these compounds.
使用为期 10 天的幼鱼水暴露实验来评估爆炸物 RDX 和 HMX 的致死效应。对于 RDX，暴露的前两天死亡率最高，10 天的半数致死浓度（LC50）为 9.9 毫克/升（mg/L）。RDX 的 10 天半数致死残留（LR50）为 9.6 毫克/千克（mg/kg）（34.9 μmol/kg）湿重（ww），这是鱼类报告的第一个 RDX 关键身体残留值。先前的研究报告表明，海洋桡足类体内的 RDX 残留量高达 96 μmol/kg（ww），海洋贻贝类体内的 RDX 残留量高达 86 μmol/kg（ww），但并未导致显著的死亡率。测试的最高 HMX 浓度，相当于其在海水中的表观溶解度极限（2.0 mg/L），以及相关的平均体残留（3 毫克/千克或 14 μmol/kg ww），对暴露的小鱼没有导致显著的死亡率。RDX（0.6-0.9 L/kg）和 HMX（0.3-1.6 L/kg）的 10 天生物浓缩因子的平均值通常低于 1，这反映了这些化合物的低生物累积潜力。
