大型和小型食果蝙蝠的声音定位敏锐度及其与视觉的关系：I. 回声定位物种，长吻叶口蝠和秘鲁叶鼻蝠。
Sound-localization acuity and its relation to vision in large and small fruit-eating bats: I. Echolocating species, Phyllostomus hastatus and Carollia perspicillata.
作者信息
Heffner R S, Koay G, Heffner H E
机构信息
Department of Psychology, MS #948, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, United States.
出版信息
Hear Res. 2007 Dec;234(1-2):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2007.06.001. Epub 2007 Jun 9.
Abstract
Passive sound-localization acuity for 100-ms noise bursts was determined behaviorally for two species of bats: Phyllostomus hastatus, a large bat that eats fruit and vertebrates, and Carollia perspicillata, a small species that eats fruit and nectar. The mean minimum audible angle for two P. hastatus was 9 degrees , and that for two C. perspicillata was 14.8 degrees . This places their passive sound-localization acuity near the middle of the range for mammals. Sound localization varies widely among mammals and the best predictor of a species' acuity remains the width of the field of best vision (r=.89, p<.0001). The five echolocating bats that have been tested do not deviate from this relationship suggesting that despite their specialization for echolocation, the use of hearing to direct the eyes to the source of a sound still serves as an important selective factor for sound localization.
摘要
通过行为学方法测定了两种蝙蝠对100毫秒噪声脉冲的被动声音定位敏锐度：一种是食果和脊椎动物的大型蝙蝠——淡黄果蝠，另一种是食果和花蜜的小型蝙蝠——秘鲁叶鼻蝠。两只淡黄果蝠的平均最小可听角为9度，两只秘鲁叶鼻蝠的平均最小可听角为14.8度。这使它们的被动声音定位敏锐度处于哺乳动物范围的中间位置。哺乳动物的声音定位差异很大，物种敏锐度的最佳预测指标仍然是最佳视野的宽度（r = 0.89，p < 0.0001）。接受测试的五只回声定位蝙蝠并未偏离这种关系，这表明尽管它们专门用于回声定位，但利用听觉引导眼睛看向声源仍然是声音定位的一个重要选择因素。
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