Middleman Amy B
Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Sports Medicine Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007 Aug;19(4):411-6. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3281e72cd2.
Multiple vaccination recommendations have recently targeted the adolescent age group. It is important for providers to be aware of all new recommendations, the rationale for the recommendations, and how to best implement recommendations for this age group.
The 11-12-year-old immunization platform now includes vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis or Tdap vaccine), meningococcal disease (conjugate meningococcal vaccine), human papillomavirus (for females), and a second varicella vaccination for those who have received one vaccination and have not had disease. Any missing vaccinations should be updated at this time. Many strategies exist to improve adherence to adolescent recommendations; the school mandate is an important yet controversial strategy that is being hotly debated in the literature.
There are many exciting, new vaccines for adolescents. It is important to improve vaccination coverage within the adolescent age group. Immunization against disease has previously been viewed as a primarily childhood issue, yet with ever-evolving technology and the need to vaccinate against diseases affecting all ages, vaccination strategies for adolescents need to be reviewed and improved. Mandates, when initiated with care, are one of the most effective implementation strategies for adolescents.
近期多项疫苗接种建议针对青少年年龄组。医疗服务提供者了解所有新建议、建议的依据以及如何最佳实施针对该年龄组的建议非常重要。
11至12岁的免疫接种计划现在包括接种破伤风、白喉、百日咳疫苗（破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳疫苗或Tdap疫苗）、脑膜炎球菌病疫苗（结合型脑膜炎球菌疫苗）、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（针对女性），以及为已接种一剂疫苗且未患过水痘的人群接种第二剂水痘疫苗。此时应更新任何遗漏的疫苗接种。存在多种提高青少年疫苗接种建议依从性的策略；学校强制要求是一项重要但有争议的策略，在文献中正在激烈辩论。
有许多令人兴奋的针对青少年的新疫苗。提高青少年年龄组的疫苗接种覆盖率很重要。疾病免疫接种以前主要被视为儿童问题，但随着技术不断发展以及针对影响所有年龄段疾病进行疫苗接种的需求，青少年的疫苗接种策略需要重新审视和改进。精心实施的强制要求是针对青少年最有效的实施策略之一。
