MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Oct 10;57(40):1100-3.
Three new vaccines have been recommended for adolescents by the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) since 2005: meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4; 1 dose), tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap; 1 dose), and quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4; 3 doses). ACIP also recommends that adolescents should receive recommended vaccinations that were missed during childhood. Since 2006, CDC has conducted the National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) to estimate vaccination coverage from a national sample of adolescents aged 13-17 years. This report describes the findings from NIS-Teen 2007, which indicated substantial increases in receipt of new adolescent vaccinations compared with 2006, including Tdap (from 10.8% to 30.4%) and MCV4 (from 11.7% to 32.4%), and increases in coverage with childhood vaccinations, including measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), hepatitis B (HepB), and varicella (VAR) (among those without disease history). An assessment of HPV4 coverage, which is reported for the first time, showed that 25.1% of adolescent females initiated the vaccine series (>/=1 dose) in 2007. To improve vaccination coverage among adolescents, health-care providers should take advantage of every health-care visit as an opportunity to evaluate vaccination status and administer vaccines when needed.
自2005年以来,免疫实践咨询委员会(ACIP)已为青少年推荐了三种新疫苗:脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗(MCV4;1剂)、破伤风、白喉、无细胞百日咳疫苗(Tdap;1剂)和四价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(HPV4;3剂)。ACIP还建议青少年应接种童年时期漏种的推荐疫苗。自2006年以来,美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)开展了全国青少年免疫调查(NIS-Teen),以估算13至17岁青少年全国样本的疫苗接种覆盖率。本报告描述了2007年NIS-Teen的调查结果,结果表明与2006年相比,新的青少年疫苗接种率大幅上升,包括Tdap(从10.8%升至30.4%)和MCV4(从11.7%升至32.4%),以及儿童疫苗接种覆盖率上升,包括麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)、乙型肝炎(HepB)和水痘(VAR)(针对无病史者)。首次报告的HPV4覆盖率评估显示,2007年25.1%的青春期女性开始接种该疫苗系列(≥1剂)。为提高青少年的疫苗接种覆盖率,医疗保健提供者应利用每次医疗保健就诊机会评估疫苗接种状况,并在需要时接种疫苗。