Beilke Joshua N, Gill Ronald G
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, USA.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Aug;18(8):2262-7. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007040423. Epub 2007 Jul 18.
Natural killer (NK) cells are recognized for providing an important early innate immune response to viral and bacterial pathogens and for the surveillance of stressed and transformed autologous cells. However, with the exception of a pronounced role in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell rejection, it has been challenging to ascribe the precise roles for NK cells in reactivity to tissue and solid-organ transplants. In general, NK cells initiate a rapid, proinflammatory environment that is conducive to many forms of effective immune host defense. This reactivity is often considered deleterious to allograft survival because NK cells are implicated in promoting both acute and chronic graft injury. However, more recent findings indicate that NK cells can also play a surprisingly profound role in allograft tolerance induction. This duality of function requires a reconsideration of the nature and consequence of NK cell reactivity during the allograft response. This review focuses on the differing "faces" of NK cells, especially the unexpected role of NK cells in allograft tolerance induction.
自然杀伤（NK）细胞因对病毒和细菌病原体提供重要的早期固有免疫反应以及对应激和转化的自体细胞进行监视而被人们所认识。然而，除了在同种异体造血干细胞排斥反应中具有显著作用外，确定NK细胞在组织和实体器官移植反应中的精确作用一直具有挑战性。一般来说，NK细胞会引发一个快速的促炎环境，这有利于多种形式的有效的免疫宿主防御。这种反应性通常被认为对同种异体移植存活有害，因为NK细胞与促进急性和慢性移植物损伤有关。然而，最近的研究结果表明，NK细胞在同种异体移植耐受诱导中也能发挥惊人的重要作用。这种功能的双重性需要重新考虑同种异体移植反应期间NK细胞反应性的性质和后果。本综述重点关注NK细胞的不同“面孔”，尤其是NK细胞在同种异体移植耐受诱导中的意外作用。
