Continuous-exchange protein-synthesizing systems.

Protein synthesis in cell-free systems is an emerging technology already competing with in vivo expression methods. In this chapter the basic principles of continuous-exchange protein synthesizing systems, and protocols for Escherichia coli and wheat germ translation and transcription-translation systems are described. The ways to improve substrate supply in cell-free systems and mRNA design for eukaryotic system are discussed. Correct folding of the synthesized protein is demonstrated and discussed in detail.