酗酒对社会迁移的影响以及邻里关系在12年期间对酗酒的影响。
Alcoholism effects on social migration and neighborhood effects on alcoholism over the course of 12 years.
作者信息
Buu Anne, Mansour MaryAnn, Wang Jing, Refior Susan K, Fitzgerald Hiram E, Zucker Robert A
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Sep;31(9):1545-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00449.x. Epub 2007 Jul 11.
BACKGROUND
Although a short-term effect of neighborhood characteristics on individual alcohol abuse has been demonstrated by a quasi-experimental residential mobility study, the obversed effect of alcohol problem involvement on place of residence and residential character has not been studied. We test the alcoholism effect on place of residence, and we also attempt to replicate the neighborhood-to-alcoholism effect.
METHODS
A sample of 206 Caucasian men (average age was 33) who were systematically recruited for alcoholism through a court record search of drunk driving offenses and door-to-door canvassing, in a 4-county-wide area were followed up at 3-year intervals in a prospective study of the course and outcomes of alcoholism. Participants' alcoholism diagnoses were made by semistructured diagnostic interviews. Residential addresses at baseline and at 12-year follow-up were geocoded. Corresponding census tract variables were used as indicators of neighborhood residential character.
RESULTS
The regression analysis shows that, the more alcohol problems a man has, the more likely he is going to remain in, or migrate into, a disadvantaged neighborhood. This effect is only evident when a number of relevant confounding variables, including initial level of socioeconomic status, age, antisocial symptomatology, and spousal alcohol-use disorder status at baseline are controlled. Alcoholics in remission tended to live in neighborhoods whose residential characteristics were not distinguishable from those of nonalcoholics. Unremitted alcoholics, however, tended to stay in or migrate into more disadvantaged neighborhoods.
CONCLUSION
Alcoholic involvement has long-term negative effects on place of residence; involving an elevated likelihood of moving into or remaining in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Recovery from alcoholism is protective against downward social drift on the one hand, and is favorable to improvement in social conditions on the other.
背景
尽管一项准实验性的居住流动性研究已经证明了社区特征对个体酒精滥用的短期影响，但酒精问题对居住地点和居住特征的反向影响尚未得到研究。我们测试了酗酒对居住地点的影响，并且还试图重现社区对酗酒的影响。
方法
通过对酒后驾车犯罪的法庭记录搜索和挨家挨户的游说，在一个4县范围内系统招募了206名白人男性（平均年龄为33岁）作为酗酒样本，在一项关于酗酒过程和结果的前瞻性研究中，每隔3年对他们进行随访。参与者的酗酒诊断通过半结构化诊断访谈得出。对基线时和12年随访时的居住地址进行了地理编码。相应的普查区变量被用作社区居住特征的指标。
结果
回归分析表明，一个男性的酒精问题越多，他就越有可能留在或迁入一个条件较差的社区。只有当控制了一些相关的混杂变量，包括基线时的社会经济地位初始水平、年龄、反社会症状以及配偶的酒精使用障碍状况时，这种影响才明显。戒酒的酗酒者倾向于居住在居住特征与非酗酒者没有区别的社区。然而，未戒酒的酗酒者倾向于留在或迁入条件更差的社区。
结论
酗酒对居住地点有长期负面影响；包括迁入或留在条件较差社区的可能性增加。从酗酒中康复一方面可以防止社会地位下降，另一方面有利于社会状况的改善。
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