Oetting E R, Donnermeyer J F, Deffenbacher J L
Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1879, USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 1998 Jun;33(8):1629-65. doi: 10.3109/10826089809058948.
Primary socialization theory states that drug use and deviance are social behaviors learned predominantly through three sources, the family, the school, and peer clusters. This paper shows that the theory provides a parsimonious explanation of how characteristics of both the local community and the larger extended community influence drug use and deviance. These characteristics affect deviance because they either strengthen or weaken bonding with the three primary socialization sources, or affect the norms that are transmitted through the primary socialization process. The paper considers the following social structure characteristics of the local neighborhood or community: physical characteristics, rurality, ethnicity, heterogeneity, occupational type, mobility, poverty, neighborhood deviance, and age distribution. It also examines how other secondary socialization sources, the extended family, associational groups, religion, the peer environment, and the media influence the primary socialization process and, in turn, drug use and deviance.
初级社会化理论指出，吸毒和越轨行为是主要通过三个来源习得的社会行为，这三个来源分别是家庭、学校和同龄人群体。本文表明，该理论为当地社区和更大范围的扩展社区的特征如何影响吸毒和越轨行为提供了一个简洁的解释。这些特征之所以会影响越轨行为，是因为它们要么加强要么削弱与三个主要社会化来源的联系，要么影响通过初级社会化过程传递的规范。本文考虑了当地邻里或社区的以下社会结构特征：物理特征、乡村性、种族、异质性、职业类型、流动性、贫困、邻里越轨行为和年龄分布。它还研究了其他二级社会化来源，即大家庭、社团组织、宗教、同龄人群体环境和媒体如何影响初级社会化过程，进而影响吸毒和越轨行为。
