Janicki-Deverts Denise, Cohen Sheldon, Adler Nancy E, Schwartz Joseph E, Matthews Karen A, Seeman Teresa E
Departments of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Psychosom Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;69(6):514-20. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180f60645. Epub 2007 Jul 16.
To determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with catecholamine levels (epinephrine [E] and norepinephrine [NE]-indicators of sympathetic nervous system [SNS] activity) in a community-based sample of men and women, Blacks and Whites, with a broad range of income; and to test whether such a relationship is mediated by psychosocial factors and/or health behaviors.
A total of 672 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA) provided 12-hour, overnight urine samples, and completed sociodemographic, health behavior, and psychosocial questionnaires.
Regardless of whether measured in terms of income, education, or occupation, higher SES was associated with lower urinary catecholamine levels, independent of age, race, and gender. These relationships were stronger in men than in women but were similar across Blacks and Whites. Smoking and greater levels of depressive symptoms accounted for some of the association of SES with E and, to a lesser extent, with NE.
These data provide support for the hypothesis that lower SES is accompanied by increased physiologic distress, indicated by elevated SNS activity. Further, they suggest that the association of SES with catecholamines, like the associations of SES with morbidity and mortality, is apparent at all levels of the socioeconomic hierarchy.
在一个涵盖不同收入水平的社区男女样本（包括黑人和白人）中，确定社会经济地位（SES）是否与儿茶酚胺水平（肾上腺素[E]和去甲肾上腺素[NE]——交感神经系统[SNS]活动的指标）相关；并检验这种关系是否由心理社会因素和/或健康行为介导。
来自青年成人冠状动脉风险发展研究（CARDIA）的672名参与者提供了12小时的夜间尿液样本，并完成了社会人口统计学、健康行为和心理社会调查问卷。
无论以收入、教育程度还是职业来衡量，较高的SES都与较低的尿儿茶酚胺水平相关，且不受年龄、种族和性别的影响。这些关系在男性中比在女性中更强，但在黑人和白人中相似。吸烟和较高水平的抑郁症状在一定程度上解释了SES与E的关联，对SES与NE的关联解释程度较小。
这些数据支持了以下假设，即较低的SES伴随着生理应激增加，表现为SNS活动增强。此外，它们表明SES与儿茶酚胺的关联，如同SES与发病率和死亡率的关联一样，在社会经济等级制度的各个层面都很明显。
