Klehe Ute-Christine, Anderson Neil
Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
J Appl Psychol. 2007 Jul;92(4):978-92. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.978.
The distinction between what people can do (maximum performance) and what they will do (typical performance) has received considerable theoretical but scant empirical attention in industrial-organizational psychology. This study of 138 participants performing an Internet-search task offers an initial test and verification of P. R. Sackett, S. Zedeck, and L. Fogli's (1988) model of typical versus maximum performance: Motivation--in the form of direction, level, and persistence of effort exerted--rose significantly under the maximum performance condition. Consequently, the correlation between motivation--in the form of direction and level of effort--and performance diminished, whereas the correlation between ability--in the form of declarative knowledge and procedural skills--and performance increased under the maximum performance condition. Overall, results confirm the general propositions of the model. Implications for the generalizability of these findings, theory, practice, and directions for future studies of typical and maximum performance are discussed.
在工业组织心理学中，人们能够做的事情（最大表现）与他们将会做的事情（典型表现）之间的区别，在理论上受到了相当多的关注，但在实证方面却很少受到关注。这项对138名执行互联网搜索任务的参与者进行的研究，对P.R.萨克特、S.泽德克和L.福格利（1988年）的典型表现与最大表现模型进行了初步测试和验证：在最大表现条件下，以努力的方向、水平和持续性形式存在的动机显著增强。因此，以努力的方向和水平形式存在的动机与表现之间的相关性降低，而在最大表现条件下，以陈述性知识和程序性技能形式存在的能力与表现之间的相关性增加。总体而言，结果证实了该模型的一般命题。讨论了这些发现、理论、实践的可推广性以及典型表现和最大表现未来研究方向的意义。
