Yao Li-Xian, Cao Jun-Xi, Li Guo-Liang, He Zhao-Heng
Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2007 Apr;28(4):819-25.
Animal manures of intensive livestock and poultry farms are composed of complex materials. Effect of continuous application of chicken manure (CM) and pigeon manure (PM) for six crops on soil nutrients and heavy metals was investigated in a vegetable soil in Guangzhou, south China. Application rates (N 0 - 450 kg x ha(-1)) of CM and PM were calculated considering their N contents. The results indicate that concentrations of soil ammonium N, nitrate N and phosphorous extracted with sodium bicarbonate (P-NaHCO3), potassium extracted with ammonium acetate (K-C2 H3 O2 NH4) increase considerably after continuous application of CM and PM for three crops. Moreover, their concentration increments go up with the rates of CM and PM. Concentrations of soil nitrate N and K-C2 H3 O2 NH4 after the sixth crop reduce compared with those after the third crop, and also decrease compared with their original ones due to the heavy rainfall during the three latter crops. However, concentrations of soil ammonium N and P-NaHCO3 are still higher than their original ones, and their concentration increments increase with the rates of CM and PM, respectively. Two manures contain low Pb, Cd, Cr and pigeon manure contains low As, there is no great influence on soil Pb, Cd, Cr and As by continuous application. Two manures contain higher Zn (172.0 and 299.8 mg x kg(-1), respectively), leading to soil Zn concentration increments from 0.7 to 17.1 mg x kg(-1) after the sixth crop. Meanwhile, CM has relatively high Cu (117.7 mg x kg (-1)) and As (39.6 mg x kg(-1)), indicating the trend to accumulate Cu and Zn in soil after the sixth crop.
集约化畜禽养殖场的动物粪便由复杂的物质组成。在中国南方广州的一种蔬菜土壤中，研究了连续六季施用鸡粪（CM）和鸽粪（PM）对土壤养分和重金属的影响。根据CM和PM的氮含量计算施用量（N 0 - 450 kg x ha(-1)）。结果表明，连续三季施用CM和PM后，土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和碳酸氢钠提取的磷（P-NaHCO3）、醋酸铵提取的钾（K-C2 H3 O2 NH4）浓度显著增加。此外，它们的浓度增量随CM和PM的施用量增加而上升。第六季作物后土壤硝态氮和K-C2 H3 O2 NH4的浓度与第三季作物后相比降低，并且由于后三季作物期间的暴雨，与原始浓度相比也有所下降。然而，土壤铵态氮和P-NaHCO3的浓度仍高于原始浓度，且它们的浓度增量分别随CM和PM的施用量增加而增加。两种粪便中铅、镉、铬含量低，鸽粪中砷含量低，连续施用对土壤铅、镉、铬和砷没有太大影响。两种粪便中锌含量较高（分别为172.0和299.8 mg x kg(-1)），导致第六季作物后土壤锌浓度增量从0.7至17.1 mg x kg(-1)。同时，CM中铜（117.7 mg x kg (-1)）和砷（39.6 mg x kg(-1)）含量相对较高，表明第六季作物后土壤中有积累铜和锌的趋势。
