Garon Nancy, Moore Chris
Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Genet Psychol. 2006 Dec;167(4):443-62. doi: 10.3200/GNTP.167.4.443-462.
The authors' goal in conducting this study was to explore the association between temperament and future-oriented decision making. Forty-three preschoolers (mean age = 51 months) were given a child variant of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and asked to choose between a deck with higher immediate rewards and a deck with higher future rewards. Children who were higher on the Extraversion/Surgency factor of the Child Behavior Questionnaire chose more frequently from the higher immediate rewards deck early in the game. The externalizing dimension of Negative Affectivity (anger/frustration, soothability and discomfort) made the greatest contribution to prediction of performance in the last block of the game. Children who were more easily frustrated and had difficulty regulating negative emotions chose more from the deck with higher immediate rewards. There was a significant interaction between the externalizing dimension of Negative Affectivity, the internalizing dimension of Negative Affectivity (sadness and fear) and Extraversion/Surgency on the last block. These results suggest a complex association between IGT performance and temperament in preschoolers.
作者开展这项研究的目的是探索气质与面向未来的决策之间的关联。43名学龄前儿童（平均年龄 = 51个月）接受了爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）的儿童版测试，并被要求在一组具有更高即时奖励的牌组和一组具有更高未来奖励的牌组之间进行选择。在儿童行为问卷外向性/冲动性因子得分较高的儿童在游戏早期更频繁地从具有更高即时奖励的牌组中进行选择。消极情感性的外化维度（愤怒/沮丧、安抚性和不适感）对游戏最后一个环节的表现预测贡献最大。更容易沮丧且难以调节负面情绪的儿童更多地从具有更高即时奖励的牌组中进行选择。在最后一个环节，消极情感性的外化维度、消极情感性的内化维度（悲伤和恐惧）与外向性/冲动性之间存在显著的交互作用。这些结果表明学龄前儿童在IGT测试中的表现与气质之间存在复杂的关联。
