Phys Med. 2006;21 Suppl 1:7-10. doi: 10.1016/S1120-1797(06)80014-1.
Traditional imaging for the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer has relied on the tissue morphology of cancers in the background of normal patterns of fibroglandular breast tissue. X-ray mammography and ultrasound have been the primary modalities for the diagnosis and the work-up of breast cancer. New modalities have been validated including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). New pulse sequences in MRI combined with contrast enhancement kinetic perfusion curves have greatly enhanced detection of mammographically occult cancers. New modalities on the horizon include optical imaging, exploiting again the differential perfusion properties of cancers in a background of normal glandular tissue. Even more specificity can be ach eved with the addition of ductal or intravenous introduction of optical probes specific to tumor associated antigens such as the HER-2/neu receptor in aggressive breast cancers. Quantum dots and other fluorescent dyes coupled to peptides or other probes will greatly enhance our ability to detect cancers earlier and without ionizing radiation.
传统的用于乳腺癌诊断和分期的影像学方法依赖于正常乳腺纤维腺体组织背景下的癌症组织形态学。X 射线乳房摄影术和超声一直是诊断和乳腺癌治疗计划的主要方式。已经验证了一些新的方法，包括磁共振成像（MRI）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）。MRI 中的新脉冲序列结合对比增强动力学灌注曲线大大提高了对乳房 X 线摄影术隐匿性癌症的检测能力。即将出现的新方法包括光学成像，再次利用正常腺体组织背景下癌症的差异灌注特性。通过导管或静脉内引入针对肿瘤相关抗原（如侵袭性乳腺癌中的 HER-2/neu 受体）的光学探针，可以实现更高的特异性。与肽或其他探针偶联的量子点和其他荧光染料将极大地提高我们早期检测癌症的能力，并且不会产生电离辐射。
