Lin G H, Voss K A, Davidson T J
Joseph C. Wilson Center for Technology, Xerox Corporation, Webster, NY 14580.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1991 Dec;29(12):851-4. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(91)90113-l.
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a quaternary ammonium salt and cationic surfactant. It has been used as a biocide in personal hygiene products and a charge control additive in some reprographic toners. CPC is orally toxic to rats, mice and rabbits and can cause severe eye irritation. Acute inhalation toxicity studies of CPC and other quaternary ammonium salts have not, however, been reported. Groups of five rats per sex were exposed to aerosols containing 0 (control), 0.05, 0.07, 0.13 and 0.29 mg CPC/litre for 4 hr and observed for toxicity and ocular effects for 14 days thereafter. All animals were subjected to autopsy and the eyes were examined microscopically. The LC50 (sexes combined) of CPC was 0.09 mg/litre with upper and lower 95% confidence limits of 0.13 and 0.07 mg/litre, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity included weight loss, nasal discharge, chromodacryorrhoea, respiratory difficulty and eye irritation, and all these non-lethal effects were reversible. Acute inflammation of the cornea, iris and/or aqueous humour were found in one, seven and four of 10 rats exposed to 0.07, 0.13 and 0.29 mg CPC/litre, respectively. Corneal epithelial hyalinization, without evidence of ongoing inflammation, was found in three additional rats among the 10 exposed to 0.29 mg CPC/litre.
十六烷基氯化吡啶（CPC）是一种季铵盐和阳离子表面活性剂。它已被用作个人卫生用品中的杀菌剂以及一些静电复印调色剂中的电荷控制添加剂。CPC对大鼠、小鼠和兔子具有口服毒性，并且会引起严重的眼部刺激。然而，尚未有关于CPC和其他季铵盐的急性吸入毒性研究报告。将每组五只不同性别的大鼠暴露于含有0（对照）、0.05、0.07、0.13和0.29毫克CPC/升的气溶胶中4小时，此后观察14天的毒性和眼部影响。所有动物均进行解剖，并对眼睛进行显微镜检查。CPC的LC50（两性合并）为0.09毫克/升，95%置信区间的上限和下限分别为0.13和0.07毫克/升。毒性的临床症状包括体重减轻、鼻分泌物、血性泪溢、呼吸困难和眼部刺激，所有这些非致命影响都是可逆的。在分别暴露于0.07、0.13和0.29毫克CPC/升的10只大鼠中，有1只、7只和4只出现了角膜、虹膜和/或房水的急性炎症。在暴露于0.29毫克CPC/升的10只大鼠中，另外3只出现了角膜上皮透明化，但没有持续炎症的迹象。
