Ensel W M, Lin N
Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Albany 12222.
J Health Soc Behav. 1991 Dec;32(4):321-41.
The paper focuses on two forces (stressors and resources) in the life stress process as they affect psychological distress. Utilizing three waves of panel data from a representative community sample in upstate New York, six causal models of the life stress process are tested with indicators of two types of stressors (social and physiological) and two types of resources (social and psychological). Both deterring and coping models are tested. Analysis shows that: (1) stressors and resources in the social environment have a direct impact on depressive symptoms, (2) social resources mediate the effects of social stressors on psychological distress, and (3) psychological resources indirectly affect distress by enhancing social resources. The critical role played by the social environment in the life stress process involving psychological distress is substantiated. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.
本文聚焦于生活压力过程中的两种力量（压力源和资源），因为它们会影响心理困扰。利用来自纽约州北部一个具有代表性社区样本的三波面板数据，用两种压力源（社会压力源和生理压力源）和两种资源（社会资源和心理资源）的指标对生活压力过程的六种因果模型进行了检验。既检验了抑制模型也检验了应对模型。分析表明：（1）社会环境中的压力源和资源对抑郁症状有直接影响，（2）社会资源介导了社会压力源对心理困扰的影响，（3）心理资源通过增强社会资源间接影响困扰。社会环境在涉及心理困扰的生活压力过程中所起的关键作用得到了证实。文中还讨论了这些以及其他研究结果的意义。
