Adams John S, Liu Philip T, Chun Rene, Modlin Robert L, Hewison Martin
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Room B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Nov;1117:94-105. doi: 10.1196/annals.1402.036. Epub 2007 Jul 26.
Defensin is a generic name reserved for an endogenously synthesized antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this review is to describe a series of discoveries that led to the proposal that 25-hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D are key, intracellular regulators of the synthesis and action of naturally occurring defensin molecules against bacterial antigens. The discussion will (1) highlight the basic elements of human immune response that is responsive to vitamin D, (2) recount work relevant to the extrarenal expression of the vitamin D-1-hydroxlase (CYP27b1) in the macrophage as an initiator of the innate immune response, and (3) describe recent work on the relevance of the vitamin D intracrine-autocrine-paracrine system in a model of a common and devastating human disease, tuberculosis.
防御素是一种用于内源性合成抗菌剂的通用名称。本综述的目的是描述一系列发现，这些发现促使人们提出维生素D的25-羟基化代谢产物是天然存在的防御素分子针对细菌抗原合成和作用的关键细胞内调节因子。讨论将（1）强调对维生素D有反应的人类免疫反应的基本要素，（2）叙述与巨噬细胞中维生素D-1-羟化酶（CYP27b1）的肾外表达相关的工作，该酶作为先天免疫反应的启动子，以及（3）描述维生素D内分泌-自分泌-旁分泌系统在一种常见且具有破坏性的人类疾病——结核病模型中的相关性的最新研究。
