Harrach Balázs, Benko Mária
Methods Mol Med. 2007;131:299-334. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-277-9_22.
Members of the family Adenoviridae have been isolated from a large variety of hosts, including representatives from every major vertebrate class from fish to mammals. The high prevalence, together with the fairly conserved organization of the central part of their genomes, make the adenoviruses one of (if not the) best models for studying viral evolution on a larger time scale. Phylogenetic calculation can infer the evolutionary distance among adenovirus strains on serotype, species, and genus levels, thus helping the establishment of a correct taxonomy on the one hand, and speeding up the process of typing new isolates on the other. Initially, four major lineages corresponding to four genera were recognized. Later, the demarcation criteria of lower taxon levels, such as species or types, could also be defined with phylogenetic calculations. A limited number of possible host switches have been hypothesized and convincingly supported. Application of the web-based BLAST and MultAlin programs and the freely available PHYLIP package, along with the TreeView program, enables everyone to make correct calculations. In addition to step-by-step instruction on how to perform phylogenetic analysis, critical points where typical mistakes or misinterpretation of the results might occur will be identified and hints for their avoidance will be provided.
腺病毒科的成员已从多种宿主中分离出来，包括从鱼类到哺乳动物的每一个主要脊椎动物类别的代表。腺病毒的高流行率，以及其基因组中部相当保守的组织结构，使其成为（如果不是唯一的）在更大时间尺度上研究病毒进化的最佳模型之一。系统发育计算可以推断腺病毒株在血清型、种和属水平上的进化距离，从而一方面有助于建立正确的分类学，另一方面加快对新分离株进行分型的过程。最初，识别出了对应于四个属的四个主要谱系。后来，较低分类水平（如种或型）的划分标准也可以通过系统发育计算来定义。已经假设并令人信服地支持了有限数量的可能宿主转换。基于网络的BLAST和MultAlin程序以及免费提供的PHYLIP软件包与TreeView程序的应用，使每个人都能进行正确的计算。除了关于如何进行系统发育分析的逐步指导外，还将识别可能出现典型错误或结果错误解读的关键点，并提供避免这些错误的提示。
