Sanchez Diana T, Kiefer Amy K
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, New Brunswick, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2007 Dec;36(6):808-20. doi: 10.1007/s10508-007-9205-0. Epub 2007 Jul 27.
Objectification theory (Fredrickson B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206) proposes that body image concerns impair sexual function and satisfaction. The present study was designed to test whether body shame was related to sexual problems and pleasure among heterosexual men and women (N = 320). Using structural equation modeling, we tested whether adult men and women's body shame was linked to greater sexual problems (lower sexual arousability and ability to reach orgasm) and less pleasure from physical intimacy. Although women were significantly more likely to report appearance concerns than men across sexual and non-sexual contexts, appearance concerns were positively related to both men and women's sexual problems. The relationship between body shame and sexual pleasure and problems was mediated by sexual self-consciousness during physical intimacy. Men and women's body shame was related to greater sexual self-consciousness, which in turn predicted lower sexual pleasure and sexual arousability. Results persisted controlling for relationship status and age. Being in a relationship was associated with less sexual self-consciousness and less orgasm difficulty for men and women. Although some paths were significantly stronger for women than for men, results largely supported the proposition that body concerns negatively affect sexual pleasure and promote sexual problems for both men and women. Findings were discussed in terms of objectification theory and the increased cultural emphasis on physical appearance.
客体化理论（弗雷德里克森·B.L.和罗伯茨·T.A.（1997年）。《女性心理学季刊》，21卷，第173 - 206页）提出，对身体形象的关注会损害性功能和满意度。本研究旨在测试身体羞耻感是否与异性恋男性和女性（N = 320）的性问题及性快感有关。我们使用结构方程模型来测试成年男性和女性的身体羞耻感是否与更多的性问题（较低的性唤起能力和达到性高潮的能力）以及较少的身体亲密带来的快感相关。尽管在性和非性情境中，女性比男性更有可能报告对外表的关注，但对外表的关注与男性和女性的性问题均呈正相关。身体羞耻感与性快感及性问题之间的关系是由身体亲密过程中的性自我意识介导的。男性和女性的身体羞耻感与更强的性自我意识相关，而这反过来又预示着较低的性快感和性唤起能力。在控制了恋爱状况和年龄后，结果依然成立。处于恋爱关系中与男性和女性较低的性自我意识以及较少的性高潮困难相关。尽管有些路径对女性的影响比对男性的影响显著更强，但结果在很大程度上支持了这样一种观点，即对身体的关注会对男性和女性的性快感产生负面影响，并引发性问题。我们根据客体化理论以及文化对身体外表日益增加的重视对研究结果进行了讨论。
