Vijaya Lingam, George Ronnie, Baskaran M, Arvind Hemamalini, Raju Prema, Ramesh S Ve, Kumaramanickavel Govindasamy, McCarty Catherine
Glaucoma Project, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
Ophthalmology. 2008 Apr;115(4):648-654.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.062. Epub 2007 Jul 30.
To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in an urban population and compare the same with that of our published rural population data in southern India.
Population-based cross-sectional study.
Four thousand eight hundred subjects 40 years or older were selected using a multistage random cluster sampling procedure in Chennai city.
Three thousand eight hundred fifty (80.2%) subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, pachymetry, optic disc photography, and automated perimetry.
Glaucoma was diagnosed using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification.
The distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) was obtained from the right eye of the 2532 subjects with normal suprathreshold visual fields. Mean IOP was 16.17+/-3.74 mmHg (97.5th and 99.5th percentiles, 24 mmHg and 30 mmHg). The mean VCDR was 0.43+/-0.17 (97.5th and 99.5th percentiles, 0.7 and 0.8). One hundred thirty-five (64 men, 71 women) subjects had POAG (3.51%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.04-4.0). Primary open-angle glaucoma subjects (58.4+/-11.3 years) were older (P<0.0001) than the study population (54.8+/-10.6 years). One hundred twenty-seven (94%) subjects were diagnosed to have POAG for the first time. Two subjects (1.5%) were bilaterally blind, and 3 (3.3%) were unilaterally blind due to POAG. The urban population prevalence was more than that of the rural population (1.62%; 95% CI, 1.4%-1.8%; P<0.0001). In both populations, increasing IOP (per millimeter of mercury) and older age were associated with the disease. There was no association with gender, myopia, systemic hypertension, diabetes, or central corneal thickness.
The prevalence of POAG in a > or =40-year-old south Indian urban population was 3.51%, higher than that of the rural population. The prevalence increased with age, and >90% were not aware of the disease.
评估城市人群原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的患病率及危险因素，并与我们此前发表的印度南部农村人群数据进行比较。
基于人群的横断面研究。
采用多阶段随机整群抽样程序，在钦奈市选取4800名40岁及以上的受试者。
3850名（80.2%）受试者接受了全面的眼科检查，包括压平眼压测量、前房角镜检查、角膜厚度测量、视盘照相及自动视野检查。
采用国际地理和流行病学眼科学会分类标准诊断青光眼。
从2532名视野正常受试者的右眼获取眼压（IOP）及垂直杯盘比（VCDR）数据。平均眼压为16.17±3.74 mmHg（第97.5和99.5百分位数分别为24 mmHg和30 mmHg）。平均VCDR为0.43±0.17（第97.5和99.5百分位数分别为0.7和0.8）。135名受试者（64名男性，71名女性）患有POAG（3.51%；95%置信区间[CI]，3.04 - 4.0）。原发性开角型青光眼受试者（58.4±11.3岁）比研究人群（54.8±10.6岁）年龄更大（P<0.0001）。127名（94%）受试者首次被诊断为POAG。2名受试者（1.5%）因POAG双眼失明，3名（3.3%）单侧失明。城市人群患病率高于农村人群（1.62%；95% CI，1.4% - 1.8%；P<0.0001）。在这两个人群中，眼压升高（每毫米汞柱）及年龄增长均与该疾病相关。与性别、近视、系统性高血压、糖尿病或中央角膜厚度无关。
在印度南部≥40岁的城市人群中，POAG患病率为3.51%，高于农村人群。患病率随年龄增长而升高，且超过90%的患者未意识到自己患病。
