Endometriosis is a possible risk factor for spontaneous hemoperitoneum in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Two patients with spontaneous hemoperitoneum, occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy, had in common previous surgery for moderate endometriosis and successful in vitro fertilization. Although it is not possible to establish a direct causal relationship, we must be aware of this rare but potentially serious complication as the wide use of assisted reproduction increases the number of such patients becoming pregnant.