Franklin S P, Troyer J L, Terwee J A, Lyren L M, Boyce W M, Riley S P D, Roelke M E, Crooks K R, Vandewoude S
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
J Virol. 2007 Oct;81(20):10961-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00997-07. Epub 2007 Aug 1.
With the exception of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which emerged in humans after cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses from nonhuman primates, immunodeficiency viruses of the family Lentiviridae represent species-specific viruses that rarely cross species barriers to infect new hosts. Among the Felidae, numerous immunodeficiency-like lentiviruses have been documented, but only a few cross-species transmissions have been recorded, and these have not been perpetuated in the recipient species. Lentivirus seroprevalence was determined for 79 bobcats (Lynx rufus) and 31 pumas (Puma concolor) from well-defined populations in Southern California. Partial genomic sequences were subsequently obtained from 18 and 12 seropositive bobcats and pumas, respectively. Genotypes were analyzed for phylogenic relatedness and genotypic composition among the study set and archived feline lentivirus sequences. This investigation of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in bobcats and pumas of Southern California provides evidence that cross-species infection has occurred frequently among these animals. The data suggest that transmission has occurred in multiple locations and are most consistent with the spread of the virus from bobcats to pumas. Although the ultimate causes remain unknown, these transmission events may occur as a result of puma predation on bobcats, a situation similar to that which fostered transmission of HIV to humans, and likely represent the emergence of a lentivirus with relaxed barriers to cross-species transmission. This unusual observation provides a valuable opportunity to evaluate the ecological, behavioral, and molecular conditions that favor repeated transmissions and persistence of lentivirus between species.
除了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），它是猿猴免疫缺陷病毒从非人类灵长类动物跨物种传播后在人类中出现的，慢病毒科的免疫缺陷病毒代表物种特异性病毒，很少跨越物种屏障感染新宿主。在猫科动物中，已记录了许多类似免疫缺陷的慢病毒，但仅记录到少数跨物种传播，而且这些传播在受体物种中并未持续存在。对来自南加州明确种群的79只短尾猫（猞猁）和31只美洲狮（美洲狮）进行了慢病毒血清阳性率测定。随后分别从18只和12只血清阳性的短尾猫和美洲狮中获得了部分基因组序列。分析了研究组和存档的猫科慢病毒序列之间的基因型系统发育相关性和基因型组成。这项对南加州短尾猫和美洲狮猫免疫缺陷病毒感染的调查提供了证据，表明这些动物之间频繁发生跨物种感染。数据表明传播发生在多个地点，并且最符合病毒从短尾猫传播到美洲狮的情况。尽管最终原因尚不清楚，但这些传播事件可能是由于美洲狮捕食短尾猫导致的，这种情况类似于促成HIV传播给人类的情况，并且可能代表了一种对跨物种传播屏障放宽的慢病毒的出现。这一不寻常的观察结果提供了一个宝贵的机会来评估有利于慢病毒在物种间反复传播和持续存在的生态、行为和分子条件。
