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汞暴露作为实验性莱姆关节炎中细胞因子反应偏差的模型:HgCl₂ 处理可降低 1 型辅助性 T 细胞样反应和关节炎严重程度,但会延迟 C3H/HeN 小鼠中伯氏疏螺旋体的清除。

Mercury exposure as a model for deviation of cytokine responses in experimental Lyme arthritis: HgCl2 treatment decreases T helper cell type 1-like responses and arthritis severity but delays eradication of Borrelia burgdorferi in C3H/HeN mice.

作者信息

Ekerfelt C, Andersson M, Olausson A, Bergström S, Hultman P

机构信息

Division of Clinical Immunology, and Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.

出版信息

Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Oct;150(1):189-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03474.x. Epub 2007 Aug 2.

Abstract

Lyme borreliosis is a complex infection, where some individuals develop so-called 'chronic borreliosis'. The pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown, but the type of immune response is probably important for healing. A strong T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-like response has been suggested as crucial for eradication of Borrelia and for avoiding development of chronic disease. Many studies aimed at altering the Th1/Th2 balance in Lyme arthritis employed mice deficient in cytokine genes, but the outcome has not been clear-cut, due possibly to the high redundancy of cytokines. This study aimed at studying the importance of the Th1/Th2 balance in murine Borrelia arthritis by using the Th2-deviating effect of subtoxic doses of inorganic mercury. Ninety-eight C3H/HeN mice were divided into four groups: Borrelia-infected (Bb), Borrelia-infected exposed to HgCl(2) (BbHg), controls exposed to HgCl(2) alone and normal controls. Mice were killed on days 3, 16, 44 and 65 post-Borrelia inoculation. Arthritis severity was evaluated by histology, spirochaetal load determined by Borrelia culture, IgG2a- and IgE-levels analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbemt assay (ELISA) and cytokine-secreting cells detected by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). BbHg mice showed less severe histological arthritis, but delayed eradication of spirochaetes compared to Bb mice, associated with increased levels of IgE (Th2-induced) and decreased levels of IgG2a (Th1-induced), consistent with a Th2-deviation. Both the numbers of Th1 and Th2 cytokine-secreting cells were reduced in BbHg mice, possibly explained by the fact that numbers of cytokine-secreting cells do not correlate with cytokine concentration. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that a Th1-like response is required for optimal eradication of Borrelia.

摘要

莱姆病螺旋体病是一种复杂的感染性疾病,部分个体可发展为所谓的“慢性莱姆病螺旋体病”。其发病机制尚不清楚,但免疫反应类型可能对疾病的治愈至关重要。有研究表明,强烈的1型辅助性T细胞(Th1)样反应对于根除伯氏疏螺旋体以及避免慢性病的发展至关重要。许多旨在改变莱姆关节炎患者Th1/Th2平衡的研究使用了细胞因子基因缺陷的小鼠,但结果并不明确,这可能是由于细胞因子具有高度冗余性。本研究旨在利用亚毒性剂量无机汞的Th2偏向效应,研究Th1/Th2平衡在小鼠伯氏疏螺旋体关节炎中的重要性。将98只C3H/HeN小鼠分为四组:伯氏疏螺旋体感染组(Bb)、感染伯氏疏螺旋体并暴露于HgCl₂的组(BbHg)、仅暴露于HgCl₂的对照组和正常对照组。在接种伯氏疏螺旋体后的第3天、16天、44天和65天处死小鼠。通过组织学评估关节炎严重程度,通过伯氏疏螺旋体培养确定螺旋体载量,通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)分析IgG2a和IgE水平,通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测细胞因子分泌细胞。与Bb小鼠相比,BbHg小鼠的组织学关节炎症状较轻,但螺旋体清除延迟,同时IgE(Th2诱导)水平升高,IgG2a(Th1诱导)水平降低,这与Th2偏向一致。BbHg小鼠中Th1和Th2细胞因子分泌细胞的数量均减少,这可能是因为细胞因子分泌细胞的数量与细胞因子浓度并不相关。总之,本研究支持以下假设,即最佳根除伯氏疏螺旋体需要Th1样反应。

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