Otosclerosis: mid-term results of cochlear implantation.

INTRODUCTION

Constant histological changes in otosclerosis lead to progressive hearing loss which may end up in a profound hearing loss and then be treated by means of cochlear implants. These progressive changes could be followed by changes in cochlear implants fitting and speech discrimination results over the years.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study is to correlate the progressive histological changes to the cochlear implant clinical outcomes (fitting and speech discrimination results). Also main complications (facial nerve stimulation and difficulties at insertion) and new complications will be discussed.

DESIGN

A 5-year prospective case-control study was performed in order to compare cochlear implant results in otosclerosis patients to those in a matched-pair control group.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifteen otosclerosis patients were followed throughout the study. Preoperatively temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography, electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses and speech discrimination tests were performed in order to select the patients to be implanted.

RESULTS

Not only difficulties with electrode guide insertion were reported, but also difficulties with fitting over the years, due to increasing difficulties to spread the electrical stimuli, which provokes increasing thresholds, maximum comfort levels and charges needed to stimulate hearing cells in basal and medial turn electrodes (p < 0.05), which required deactivating some basal and medial turn electrodes in order to improve cochlear implant effectiveness. The results demonstrated no statistical differences in speech discrimination in otosclerosis patients compared to the control group (p > 0.05). Several complications were reported: facial nerve stimulation (7.14%) and sudden episodes of tinnitus and headaches (14.28%).

CONCLUSIONS

Although progressive histological changes in otosclerosis lead to increasing thresholds, maximum comfort levels and charges needed to stimulate hearing cells, speech discrimination results support the cochlear implantation in otosclerosis.