Dawson Michelle, Soulières Isabelle, Gernsbacher Morton Ann, Mottron Laurent
Pervasive Developmental Disorders Specialized Clinic, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Aug;18(8):657-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01954.x.
Autistics are presumed to be characterized by cognitive impairment, and their cognitive strengths (e.g., in Block Design performance) are frequently interpreted as low-level by-products of high-level deficits, not as direct manifestations of intelligence. Recent attempts to identify the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional signature of autism have been positioned on this universal, but untested, assumption. We therefore assessed a broad sample of 38 autistic children on the preeminent test of fluid intelligence, Raven's Progressive Matrices. Their scores were, on average, 30 percentile points, and in some cases more than 70 percentile points, higher than their scores on the Wechsler scales of intelligence. Typically developing control children showed no such discrepancy, and a similar contrast was observed when a sample of autistic adults was compared with a sample of nonautistic adults. We conclude that intelligence has been underestimated in autistics.
人们认为自闭症患者具有认知障碍的特征，他们的认知优势（例如在积木设计任务中的表现）常常被解释为高级缺陷的低层次副产品，而非智力的直接体现。最近，识别自闭症神经解剖学和神经功能特征的尝试正是基于这一普遍但未经检验的假设。因此，我们对38名自闭症儿童进行了广泛抽样，采用了卓越的流体智力测试——瑞文渐进性矩阵测验。他们的得分平均比韦氏智力量表得分高出30个百分点，在某些情况下甚至超过70个百分点。发育正常的对照儿童没有出现这种差异，并且在将自闭症成年人样本与非自闭症成年人样本进行比较时也观察到了类似的对比。我们得出结论，自闭症患者的智力一直被低估了。
