Allin M, Walshe M, Fern A, Nosarti C, Cuddy M, Rifkin L, Murray R, Rushe T, Wyatt J
Division of Psychological Medicine, Box 063, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;79(4):381-6. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.110858. Epub 2007 Aug 6.
Adolescence is a critical period of brain structural reorganisation and maturation of cognitive abilities. This relatively late developmental reorganisation may be altered in individuals who were born preterm.
We carried out longitudinal neuropsychological testing in 94 very preterm individuals (VPT; before 33 weeks' gestation) and 44 term born individuals at mean ages of 15.3 years (adolescence) and 19.5 years (young adulthood).
Full scale, verbal and performance IQ and phonological verbal fluency were significantly lower in the VPT group than the term group at both ages. Repeated measures ANOVA showed only one group by time point interaction for semantic verbal fluency (F = 10.25; df = 107; p = 0.002). Paired-sample t tests showed that semantic verbal fluency increased significantly in the term group over adolescence (t = -5.10; df = 42; p<0.001), but did not increase in the VPT group (t = 0.141; df = 69; p = 0.889). For verbal IQ, there was a significant interaction between time point and sex (F = 4.48; df = 1; p = 0.036) with paired-sample t tests showing that verbal IQ decreased in males between adolescence and adulthood (t = 3.35; df = 71; p = 0.001), but did not change significantly in females (t = 0.20; df = 52; p = 0.845).
Decrements of intellectual functioning in VPT individuals persist into adulthood. Additionally, there is a deficit in the adolescent maturation of semantic verbal fluency in individuals born VPT.
青春期是大脑结构重组和认知能力成熟的关键时期。这种相对较晚的发育重组在早产个体中可能会发生改变。
我们对94名极早产个体（VPT；妊娠33周前出生）和44名足月儿进行了纵向神经心理学测试，平均年龄分别为15.3岁（青春期）和19.5岁（青年期）。
在两个年龄段，VPT组的全量表、言语和操作智商以及语音言语流畅性均显著低于足月儿组。重复测量方差分析显示，仅语义言语流畅性存在组×时间点交互作用（F = 10.25；自由度 = 107；p = 0.002）。配对样本t检验显示，足月儿组在青春期语义言语流畅性显著增加（t = -5.10；自由度 = 42；p<0.001），而VPT组未增加（t = 0.141；自由度 = 69；p = 0.889）。对于言语智商，时间点和性别之间存在显著交互作用（F = 4.48；自由度 = 1；p = 0.036），配对样本t检验显示，男性在青春期到成年期言语智商下降（t = 3.35；自由度 = 71；p = 0.001），而女性无显著变化（t = 0.20；自由度 = 52；p = 0.845）。
VPT个体的智力功能减退持续至成年期。此外，VPT出生个体在青春期语义言语流畅性成熟方面存在缺陷。
