Fenech Michael
CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia.
Forum Nutr. 2007;60:49-65. doi: 10.1159/000107067.
The link between genome damage and adverse health outcomes is compelling. There is increasing evidence indicating that genome instability, in the absence of overt exposure to genotoxins, is itself a sensitive marker of nutritional deficiency. We have shown that aboveaverage intake of certain micronutrients (i.e. calcium, vitamin E, retinol, folate, vitamin B12 and nicotinic acid) is associated with a reduced genome damage rate measured using the micronucleus assay. Genome health nutrigenomics is an emerging and important new field of nutritional science because it is increasingly evident that optimal concentration of micronutrients for the prevention of genome damage is dependent on genetic polymorphisms that alter the function of genes involved directly or indirectly in DNA repair and metabolism. Essentially this also means that the dietary 'nutriome' (i.e. nutrient profile and composition) recommendations should be matched to an individual's functional genome to optimise genome health maintenance. Development of functional foods and dietary patterns that are specifically designed to improve genome health maintenance in humans with specific genetic backgrounds are expected to provide an important contribution to a new health strategy based on the diagnosis and individualised nutritional treatment of genome instability (i.e. Genome Health Clinics).
基因组损伤与不良健康后果之间的联系引人注目。越来越多的证据表明，在未明显接触基因毒素的情况下，基因组不稳定本身就是营养缺乏的一个敏感指标。我们已经表明，某些微量营养素（即钙、维生素E、视黄醇、叶酸、维生素B12和烟酸）的摄入量高于平均水平，与使用微核试验测得的基因组损伤率降低有关。基因组健康营养基因组学是营养科学中一个新兴且重要的新领域，因为越来越明显的是，预防基因组损伤的微量营养素最佳浓度取决于基因多态性，这些多态性会改变直接或间接参与DNA修复和代谢的基因的功能。从本质上讲，这也意味着饮食“营养组”（即营养成分和组成）建议应与个体的功能基因组相匹配，以优化基因组健康维护。开发专门设计用于改善具有特定遗传背景的人类基因组健康维护的功能性食品和饮食模式，有望为基于基因组不稳定的诊断和个体化营养治疗（即基因组健康诊所）的新健康策略做出重要贡献。
