Reed Philip L, Rosenman Kenneth, Gardiner Joseph, Reeves Mathew, Reilly Mary Jo
Biomedical Research and Informatics Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1327, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2007 Sep;50(9):646-56. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20504.
Most Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspections are based on employee complaints or targeting of industry groupings. Limited use has been made of illness data to target inspections and evaluation of such targeting is even more limited.
This study compared 545 Michigan OSHA (MIOSHA) inspections performed as follow up to reports of work-related asthma (WRA) with 12,268 non-disease initiated OSHA inspections performed during the same time period (1989-2002).
SENSOR asthma inspections were more likely to be conducted in larger, unionized employers. Although the likelihood of citations ( approximately 50%), type of citation, and monetary penalties ( approximately 30%) were not different between disease and non-disease initiated inspections, the number of citations and amount of monetary penalties were less in disease initiated inspections. Citations and penalties were more likely for small as compared to large employers, and were less likely at unionized worksites.
Even without the availability of specific standards for agents that cause WRA, inspections triggered by a WRA index case are very much like other inspected worksites in terms of the prevalence of violations observed at the worksite. The advisability of making referrals to OSHA and additional ways to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of intervention model are discussed.
美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的大多数检查是基于员工投诉或针对行业分组。疾病数据在检查目标设定中的应用有限，对这种目标设定的评估则更为有限。
本研究将密歇根州职业安全与健康管理局（MIOSHA）针对与工作相关哮喘（WRA）报告进行的545次检查，与同一时期（1989 - 2002年）进行的12268次非因疾病引发的OSHA检查进行了比较。
基于SENSOR哮喘的检查更有可能在规模较大、有工会组织的雇主中进行。虽然在因疾病引发的检查和非因疾病引发的检查之间，被开罚单的可能性（约50%）、罚单类型和经济处罚（约30%）没有差异，但因疾病引发的检查中，罚单数量和经济处罚金额较少。与大型雇主相比，小型雇主更有可能被开罚单和处罚，在有工会组织的工作场所则不太可能。
即使没有针对导致WRA的因素的具体标准，由WRA索引病例引发的检查在工作场所违规发生率方面与其他被检查的工作场所非常相似。讨论了向OSHA转诊的可取性以及评估这种干预模式有效性的其他方法。
