Calderón-Garcidueñas Lilian, Vincent Renaud, Mora-Tiscareño Antonieta, Franco-Lira Maricela, Henríquez-Roldán Carlos, Barragán-Mejía Gerardo, Garrido-García Luis, Camacho-Reyes Laura, Valencia-Salazar Gildardo, Paredes Rogelio, Romero Lina, Osnaya Hector, Villarreal-Calderón Rafael, Torres-Jardón Ricardo, Hazucha Milan J, Reed William
Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.
Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Aug;115(8):1248-53. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9641.
Controlled exposures of animals and humans to particulate matter (PM) or ozone air pollution cause an increase in plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor that regulates pulmonary arterial pressure.
The primary objective of this field study was to determine whether Mexico City children, who are chronically exposed to levels of PM and O(3) that exceed the United States air quality standards, have elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels and pulmonary arterial pressures.
We conducted a study of 81 children, 7.9 +/- 1.3 years of age, lifelong residents of either northeast (n = 19) or southwest (n = 40) Mexico City or Polotitlán (n = 22), a control city with PM and O(3) levels below the U.S. air quality standards. Clinical histories, physical examinations, and complete blood counts were done. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were determined by immunoassay, and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured by Doppler echocardiography.
Mexico City children had higher plasma endothelin-1 concentrations compared with controls (p < 0.001). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated in children from both northeast (p < 0.001) and southwest (p < 0.05) Mexico City compared with controls. Endothelin-1 levels in Mexico City children were positively correlated with daily outdoor hours (p = 0.012), and 7-day cumulative levels of PM air pollution < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) before endothelin-1 measurement (p = 0.03).
Chronic exposure of children to PM(2.5) is associated with increased levels of circulating endothelin-1 and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure.
动物和人类受控暴露于颗粒物（PM）或臭氧空气污染中会导致血浆内皮素 - 1水平升高，内皮素 - 1是一种调节肺动脉压力的强效血管收缩剂。
本现场研究的主要目的是确定长期暴露于超过美国空气质量标准水平的PM和O₃的墨西哥城儿童，其血浆内皮素 - 1水平和肺动脉压力是否升高。
我们对81名7.9±1.3岁的儿童进行了研究，这些儿童是墨西哥城东北部（n = 19）或西南部（n = 40）的终身居民，或来自Polotitlán（n = 22），后者是一个PM和O₃水平低于美国空气质量标准的对照城市。进行了临床病史、体格检查和全血细胞计数。通过免疫测定法测定血浆内皮素 - 1浓度，并通过多普勒超声心动图测量肺动脉压力。
与对照组相比，墨西哥城儿童的血浆内皮素 - 1浓度更高（p < 0.001）。与对照组相比，墨西哥城东北部（p < 0.001）和西南部（p < 0.05）儿童的平均肺动脉压力均升高。墨西哥城儿童的内皮素 - 1水平与每日户外时间呈正相关（p = 0.012），且与测量内皮素 - 1之前空气动力学直径<2.5μm的PM空气污染的7天累积水平呈正相关（p = 0.03）。
儿童长期暴露于PM₂.₅与循环内皮素 - 1水平升高和平均肺动脉压力升高有关。
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