Robertson Struan H, Pilling Michael J, Jitariu Luminita C, Hillier Ian H
School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2007 Aug 21;9(31):4085-97. doi: 10.1039/b704736c. Epub 2007 Jun 25.
The master equation (ME) provides a powerful technique for modeling reactions that involve at least one potential energy well. It can be widely applied to reactions with several connected energy wells and multiple product channels. The application of the technique is reviewed by reference to the H + SO(2) reaction, where phenomenological rate constants for use, for example, in a combustion model can be extracted through an analysis of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the collision matrix, M, that describes formation of the adducts HSO(2) and HOSO from the source H + SO(2), collisional energy transfer in the adduct wells and reaction via the product channel (sink) OH + SO. The approach is extended to systems with more than one sink and it is demonstrated that macroscopic (phenomenological) rate coefficients derived from a ME obey detailed balance if the original ME is appropriately constructed. The method has been applied to the 1-, 2-pentyl radical system, that includes isomerisation and dissociation via two channels to form C(3)H(6) + C(2)H(5) and C(2)H(4) + C(3)H(7). The calculations clearly demonstrate the importance of indirect dissociation channels, in which an isomer can dissociate to form the product set to which it is not directly connected, e.g. formation of C(3)H(6) + C(2)H(5) from 1-pentyl, via the energized states of 2-pentyl. As in previous studies of pentyl dissociation, there is a convergence of the chemically significant eigenvalues and the internal energy relaxation eigenvalues above approximately 1000 K; the consequences of this convergence are discussed.
主方程(ME)为涉及至少一个势能阱的反应建模提供了一种强大的技术。它可广泛应用于具有多个相连能量阱和多个产物通道的反应。通过参考H + SO(2)反应来回顾该技术的应用,在该反应中,例如在燃烧模型中使用的唯象速率常数可通过分析碰撞矩阵M的本征值和本征向量来提取,碰撞矩阵M描述了从源H + SO(2)形成加合物HSO(2)和HOSO、加合物阱中的碰撞能量转移以及通过产物通道(汇)OH + SO的反应。该方法扩展到具有多个汇的系统,并证明如果原始主方程构建得当,从主方程导出的宏观(唯象)速率系数服从细致平衡。该方法已应用于1-、2-戊基自由基系统,该系统包括通过两个通道进行的异构化和解离,以形成C(3)H(6) + C(2)H(5)和C(2)H(4) + C(3)H(7)。计算结果清楚地表明了间接解离通道的重要性,即一种异构体可以解离形成与其不直接相连的产物集,例如1-戊基通过2-戊基的激发态形成C(3)H(6) + C(2)H(5)。与之前戊基解离的研究一样,在大约1000 K以上,具有化学意义的本征值和内能弛豫本征值会收敛;讨论了这种收敛的后果。