Van Strien Jan W, Verkoeijen Peter P J L, Van der Meer Nelly, Franken Ingmar H A
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Dec;66(3):205-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.07.003. Epub 2007 Jul 14.
The EEG was recorded in 21 participants who were required to make 'old' vs. 'new' decisions during a continuous recognition memory task with massed word repetitions (i.e., immediate repetitions) and spaced word repetitions (i.e., with six intervening words). After completion of the recognition task, they were given an unexpected free recall task. Behavioral measures revealed better recognition but worse free recall with massed repetitions, and worse recognition but better free recall with spaced repetitions. The ERP data revealed that for the 350- to 450-ms time window (representing the N400) the repetition effect was widely distributed across central and parietal scalp sites and was larger with massed than with spaced word repetitions. Peak latencies of the late positive complex (LPC) at Pz were shorter for massed than for spaced repetitions. Mean area around peak measures at Pz indicated that the LPC repetition effect was also larger with massed than with spaced repetitions. In the frequency domain, we found a theta (4-6 Hz) induced band power (IBP) repetition effect for massed repetitions, with theta power in the 250- to 625-ms time window being larger to repeated words than to new words. For spaced repetitions, we found an upper alpha (10-12 Hz) IBP repetition effect with the upper alpha power in the 625- to 1000-ms time window being smaller to repeated words than to new words. With spaced repetitions, we further found that larger LPC and theta IBP repetition effects were associated with smaller recall performance enhancements. The results mainly support a deficient processing account of the spacing effect.
对21名参与者进行脑电图记录，这些参与者在一项连续识别记忆任务中需要做出“旧”与“新”的判断，该任务包含集中单词重复（即立即重复）和间隔单词重复（即中间间隔六个单词）。在识别任务完成后，他们接受了一项意外的自由回忆任务。行为测量结果显示，集中重复时识别效果更好但自由回忆更差，间隔重复时识别效果更差但自由回忆更好。事件相关电位（ERP）数据显示，在350至450毫秒的时间窗口（代表N400）内，重复效应广泛分布于中央和顶叶头皮部位，集中单词重复时的效应大于间隔单词重复。Pz处晚期正复合体（LPC）的峰值潜伏期在集中重复时比间隔重复时短。Pz处峰值测量周围的平均面积表明，LPC重复效应在集中重复时也大于间隔重复。在频域中，我们发现集中重复存在一个θ（4 - 6赫兹）诱发带功率（IBP）重复效应，在250至625毫秒时间窗口内，重复单词的θ功率大于新单词。对于间隔重复，我们发现存在一个上α（10 - 12赫兹）IBP重复效应，在625至1000毫秒时间窗口内，重复单词的上α功率小于新单词。对于间隔重复，我们进一步发现，更大的LPC和θ IBP重复效应与较小的回忆性能提升相关。结果主要支持了间隔效应的加工缺陷解释。
