Irwin Kevin S, Fry Craig L
Yale School of Public Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Int J Drug Policy. 2007 Mar;18(2):75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.002. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
Harm reduction proponents aim to identify and support policies and programmes that moderate or decrease the deleterious consequences of illicit drug use. While harm reduction is clearly a value-based response to drugs, for many, 'ethics' merely represent institutional research and professional practice regulations to be satisfied, subjective moral claims, or philosophy that is too abstract to offer tangible benefits in keeping with the pragmatism of harm reduction. In this paper we revisit the relationship between harm reduction and ethics, reframe ethics as a pragmatic concern for all of harm reduction, and argue that greater attention to the actual values and beliefs underpinning harm reduction can help to enhance policy, practice and research outcomes. Examples are given of early progress in this area to illustrate possible features of ethics engagement in harm reduction, and existing ethics materials are highlighted as suitable supporting resources for applied ethical decision-making in this field.
减少伤害的支持者旨在识别并支持那些能减轻或降低非法药物使用有害后果的政策和项目。虽然减少伤害显然是一种基于价值观的应对毒品的方式，但对许多人来说，“伦理”仅仅代表需要满足的机构研究和专业实践规范、主观的道德主张，或者是过于抽象而无法根据减少伤害的实用主义提供切实利益的哲学。在本文中，我们重新审视减少伤害与伦理之间的关系，将伦理重新构建为对整个减少伤害工作的务实关切，并认为更多地关注支撑减少伤害的实际价值观和信念有助于提升政策、实践和研究成果。文中给出了该领域早期进展的例子，以说明伦理参与减少伤害工作可能具有的特点，并强调现有伦理材料是该领域应用伦理决策合适的支持资源。
